6.1 Cells
What is a cell
The building blocks of all living things. Smallest unit of life.
What are the two types of light microscopes?
Stereomicroscope and compound light microscope
What are organelles?
small parts of a cell, each one with a different function. the organs of a cell.
Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic
What is natural flora?
non-dangerous bacteria that live in/ on our bodies
What do surface area and volume refer to when talking about cells
Surface area: size of cell membrane
Volume: total space inside cell
Explain how an electron microscope works
Uses electrons to create images
A beam of electrons scans the surface of a specimen
A computer creates the image
Name the three key features that all cells have
cell membrane, cytoplasm, dna
Where can the DNA be found in a prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cell?
Prokaryote: cytoplasm
Eukaryote: nucleus
What is a pathogen?
cells that can cause disease
What is a multicellular, unicellular and microorganism,
Multicellular: consists of two or more cells
Unicellular: consists of one cell
Microorganism: can only be seen with a microscope, can be multi or single-cellular
What is the formula for calculating total magnification when using a microscope
Eye piece lens magnification x Objective lens magnification = Total Magnification
Describe the structure and function of mitochondria
Structure: Rod shaped, inner & outer membrane
Function: Powerhouse of the cell, site of energy production, cellular respiration.
How are fungal cells different from plant cells?
Fungal cells have no chloroplasts or large vacuole
Why is a virus called a non-living pathogen?
can’t survive and reproduce outside a host cell
Explain why cells are so small (Surface Area to Volume Ratio)
As a cell gets bigger, its volume increases faster than its surface area
When the volume becomes too big it gets difficult for substances to move into and out of the cell
Define binocular and monocular
Binocular: 2 eyepieces
Monocular: 1 eyepiece
What is the function of the vesicle/ vacuole, and how are they different in plant vs animal cells
Used by plant and animal cells to store water, nutrients and waste products.
Plant cells: ONE LARGE central vacuole
Animal cells: MANY SMALL vesicles
What is a protist?
Mixed group of organisms, mostly unicellular
Shape/ structure depends on where it lives and its food sources
Why is it important to have our fridges below 4 degrees Celsius, and keep warm food above 60 degrees Celsius
Bacterial growth happens at temperatures between 4 to 60 degrees Celsius
What are the three concepts of cell theory?
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of life and structure
3. New cells are created from existing cells
Compare stereomicroscopes and compound light microscopes (at least 2 differences)
Compound light microscope
Used to look through thin slices of specimens
Can magnify up to 1500 times
Shows a 2D view
Binocular or Monocular
Stereomicroscope
Used to view larger objects (insects)
Can magnify up to 200 times
Shows a 3D view
Binocular
Identify 2 organelles that are in plant cells, but not in animal cells, and explain why that is the case by stating its function
Cell wall
Helps the cell keep its shape
Prevents cell from bursting when it absorbs a lot of water
Chloroplasts
transforms solar energy into chemical energy (photosynthesis)
Give one example of a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic: bacteria
eukaryotic: any animal, plant, fungal or protist cell
Describe the process of binary fission
the process of bacterial reproduction, the splitting of a parent cell into two equal daughter cells