Energy types
What type of energy is the energy of movement?
Kinetic energy
What type of heat transfer occurs through direct contact?
Conduction
Is metal usually a conductor or insulator?
Conductor
What component provides energy in a circuit?
Battery/cell
In a torch, chemical energy changes into what useful form?
Light energy
What type of potential energy is stored in a stretched rubber band?
Elastic energy
Which type of heat transfer occurs in liquids and gases?
Convection
Name one insulator commonly used around electrical wires.
Plastic/rubber
What happens if there is a gap in a circuit?
The circuit stops working/electricity cannot flow
When wood burns, chemical energy changes into which two main forms?
Heat and light energy
What type of energy is stored in food and batteries?
Chemical energy
Why does hot air rise during convection?
Hot particles spread out and become less dense
Name one non-metal conductor.
Graphite/salt water/the human body
What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?
To open or close the circuit
A toaster changes electrical energy mainly into what form?
Thermal/heat energy
Explain the difference between kinetic and potential energy.
Kinetic is movement energy; potential is stored energy
Which type of heat transfer does the Sun use to warm Earth?
Radiation
Why are saucepan handles often made from plastic?
Plastic is an insulator and slows heat transfer
Name the three basic parts needed for a simple circuit.
Energy source, wires/pathway, load/device
Explain why energy is never “lost.”
Energy changes form rather than disappearing
A rollercoaster is stopped at the top of a hill. What type of energy does it mostly have and why?
Gravitational potential energy because it is elevated above the ground
Explain the difference between conduction and convection.
Conduction transfers heat through contact; convection transfers heat through moving liquids/gases
Explain why wet skin increases the risk of electric shock.
Water and dissolved salts conduct electricity, allowing current to travel more easily
Explain why a globe will not light if the circuit is incomplete.
Electricity requires a complete loop/pathway to flow
Describe the energy transformation that occurs in a moving car.
Chemical energy → kinetic energy + heat + sound