Energy Basics
What is energy?
The ability to do work or cause change.
What is kinetic energy?
The energy an object has because it is moving.
What is an energy transformation?
When energy changes from one type to another, it is called this.
A 2 kg object is lifted 5 m.
PE = ?
(gravity = 10 N)
100 J
A roller coaster at the top of a hill has lots of this type of energy.
GPE
What is the unit of measurement for energy?
Joules (J)
What is gravitational potential energy?
The energy stored because an object is high above the ground.
In a torch, chemical energy in the battery becomes this energy first.
Electrical Energy
A 5 kg object is lifted 4 m.
PE = ?
(g = 10N)
200 J
As the roller coaster goes downhill, gravitational potential energy changes into this.
Kinetic Energy
Give one every-day example that uses energy.
car/light bulb/person/phone
What is elastic potential energy?
A stretched rubber band stores this type of energy.
Complete the flow chart:
Chemical → Electrical → ______ → Heat
Light energy
A 4 kg ball moves at 3 m/s.
KE = ?
25 J
If a ball loses 40 J of gravitational potential energy while falling, it gains approximately this much kinetic energy.
40 J
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only ____ or _____.
Transferred or transformed.
A toaster changes electrical energy into these two forms of energy.
Heat (thermal) and light energy.
Name one energy transformation that happens when riding a bicycle.
Chemical → kinetic
A 6 kg object is lifted 8 m.
PE = ?
(g = 10 N)
480 J
Explain why a bouncing ball never returns to its original height
Some energy is transformed into heat and sound, leaving less kinetic and potential energy for the next bounce