The Transatlantic Slave Trade
What is 'trade'?
The buying and selling of goods
What was agreed to in the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
Britain got French territory in North America and the Caribbean.
Britain got Florida from the Spanish.
Spain got the French territory of Orleans.
Explain the significance of the Declaration of the Right of man.
- Established the principle of individual rights like liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression
- Asserted these universal rights instead of an absolute monarchy
- It became a model for constitutions and human rights declarations across the world
What are the 4 methods of gaining colonies for an empire?
1. War
2. Discovery
3. Settlers
4. Trade
Common cause of death for 1700s surgical patients
Sepsis (infection)
Why is it called the 'Slave Trade Triangle'?
The transatlantic slave trade had 3 key points.
1. Traders leave Europe on a ship full of desirable goods.
2. On the African coast, men and women get kidnapped or traded for goods and taken on to the ship.
3. The ship travels across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas where the trafficked African would be sold.
The ship would then be loaded with goods from the Americas and taken back to Europe.
What the deal with Fort Duquesne? Why did the construction set off the Seven Years War?
In 1754, the French Fort Duquesne was built very close to the the boundary between British and French land. The fort threatened British territory. George Washington tried to capture the Fort (but failed) and in retaliation the French captured two British forts (Oswego and William Henry).
Why is the tradition sea attack not as good as Nelson's touch?
Traditional way:
- Ships had to get really close to each other
- Sailors had to jump on to their opponents ship and fight hand-to-hand combat
- Both ships ended up with a lot of damage so there was no clear winner.
The East India company took control of most of India by...
- Building trade stations
- Using its own army and navy against different rulers in India
- Winning the Battle of Plassey and expanding into wider territories in India
- Establishing the British Raj
Two major problems for doctors/surgeons in the 1700s
1. Pain
2. Infection
Detail two ways that enslaved people were sold to buyers.
Scramble: Buyers give the seller as set amount of money then run into a cage to grab the one they wanted.
Auction: The enslaved person would be shown to a group of potential buyers. The enslaved person would be sold to the highest bidder.
How did the colonists get land in North America?
European settlers fought or pushed out the local indigenous populations. Essentially, Europeans invaded the land of the 'North American Natives'
Describe the Nelson's touch.
- Break at a 90 degree angle
- Fire down the line
- Enemy cannot fire back.
Why were European countries so interested in India?
- India had a lot of raw materials (iron, copper, spice, tea etc.)
-Raw materials could be taken from India and sold in Europe at high prices
- Indians would also purchase European-made goods
Describe two anesthetics used by the 1850s
1. Ether - made a patient fall asleep and feel no pain during operations. However, ether has side effects like eye irritation, vomiting, and coughing.
2. Chloroform - discovered to be a better anaesthetic because it still put people to sleep and made them feel no pain, but it has fewer side effects.
British Parliament passed two different anti-slavery laws. What's the difference between the laws passed in 1807 and the one in 1833.
The 1807 "Abolition of the Slave Trade Act" made it illegal to buy and sell enslaved people in British territories. Whereas, 1833 saw the "Slavery Abolition Act" which gave all enslaved people in the British Empire their freedom.
Imagine it's the late 1600's. Describe how North American territory was divided (who had land where)
Britain: Around the Hudson's Bay and long the East coast of America, starting from Newfoundland and stopping at the Florida panhandle
France: Around the Great Lakes (Quebec) and along the Mississippi river
Spanish: Florida and the area now known as Texas, Southern California and Mexico.
What made the ordinary French people rebel against their monarchy in 1789?
- Ordinary people were mad that taxes increased to pay for the American War of Independence
- Poor people suffered as the King and his friends lived in luxury
- The American rebels overthrew their leaders, so many French took inspiration from that
Name the European countries that set up trading stations in India in the 1600s
Portugal
Britain
The Netherlands
France
Denmark
Give one change to women’s rights in the 1800s
In 1857, a woman was allowed to divorce a husband that cheated on her and was cruel.
In 1870, a woman was allowed to keep her salary to herself.
In 1870, girls aged 5-13 were given the same right as boys to go to school.
Four different factors that led to the abolition of slavery.
1. Economic factors - The price of sugar dropped and slavery wasn't making as much money as it used to.
2. Slaves fought back - There were rebellions in many colonies and plantations were destroyed. Plantation owners were terrified of enslaved people fighting back.
3. Racists views were disproven - Africans were able to show that they were intelligent and capable. Many were able to impress court judges and claim their freedom.
4. Campaign groups - Groups of people who opposed slavery (because it went against Christ's teachings) brought petitions to court, calling for the end of slavery.
Twelve years after the Seven Years War, 'American Rebels' fought the War of Independence. Who were the rebels fighting and what were the fighting over?
Who: Rebels fought the British
What: Wanted to run the country without British taxes or interference.
Explain three mistakes made by Napoleon that contributed to his defeat in Waterloo.
1. Napoleon proceeded with the battle when though the ground was muddy
2. He was lethargic and left the battle field to lay down (and put Marshal Ney in charge while he was out)
3. Napoleon put his guns in one spot instead of spreading them around
4. French infantry advanced in long narrow columns, which reduced the density of the firepower (only the front row could fire)
5. Napoleon sent 30,000 men off the battlefield to intercept the arriving Prussians. The French failed on both fronts.
Causes of the 1857 rebellion in India: Provide 2 short term and 2 long term reasons
Short-term
- Rumours that the new cartridges were greased with pork and/or beef fat
- Sepoys concerns over the cartridges being ignored
- Arrests and imprisoning Sepoys who refused to use the new cartridges
Long-term
- Sepoys felt they weren’t treated very well and didn’t get job promotions
- Sepoys were given the most dangerous jobs
- Sepoys felt they were being pressured into converting into Christianity
Why where sexist laws were in force?
- Sexist laws kept men in power
- It had always been common to diminish women’s power (how it had always been).