Brain Structure
Into how many hemispheres is the cerebrum divided?
Two (left and right)
What two structures make up the central nervous system (CNS)?
Brain and Spinal Cord
What is a reflex?
An automatic, fast, involuntary response to a stimulus that skips conscious brain processing
What does homeostasis mean?
Keeping a stable internal environment
What band was harry styles in before his solo carerr?
one direction
Which side of the body does the left hemisphere control?
The right side
What makes up the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
All the other nerves in the body
What is a voluntary action?
A deliberate, conscious movement planned and directed by the brain
What temperature does your internal body temperature stay at, even on a cold winter day?
37°C
Which country hosted the 2016 olympics
Brazil
What structure connects the two hemispheres and allows them to communicate?
The corpus callosum
What is the main function of the spinal cord, and what protects it?
It connects the brain to the PNS and acts as the main pathway for information to the rest of the body. It is protected by the vertebrae.
Why are reflexes quicker than voluntary actions?
They are controlled by the spinal cord and don’t need input from the brain.
Name three variables that are controlled by homeostasis.
Any three of: body temperature, blood pH, ion concentrations, blood pressure, blood oxygen content, glucose levels, water levels
What is the only food on Earth that doesn't go bad?
Honey
What is the outer layer of the cerebrum called, what is it made of, and what major role does it play?
The cerebral cortex. It is made of folded grey matter (2–5 mm thick) and plays a major role in consciousness.
The PNS is divided into two parts. What are they, and which one controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements?
The somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements.
You touch a hot element and pull your hand away. Trace the pathway from stimulus to response.
Heat (stimulus) → thermoreceptors in the skin → sensory neuron → interneuron in the spinal cord → motor neuron → muscle (effector) → hand pulls away (response)
What does your body do when you are too hot, and what does it do when you are too cold? Explain the effect of each.
Too hot: you sweat, and the sweat evaporates, taking heat from your body and cooling you. Too cold: you shiver, and the movement produces heat to warm you up.
How many hearts does an octopus have?
3
Which structure in the brain is mainly responsible for homeostasis, such as heart rate, body temperature and sleep patterns, and which gland controls it?
The hypothalamus, which is controlled by the pituitary gland
The autonomic nervous system has two parts. Which one activates the fight or flight response, and which restores the body to a state of calm?
The sympathetic nervous system activates fight or flight. The parasympathetic nervous system restores calm.
Before a big presentation, a student’s heart races and breathing quickens. Which system controls this, what triggers it, and why does it happen without conscious control?
The sympathetic nervous system (part of the autonomic system) controls it. A release of hormones triggers it. It is automatic because the autonomic system regulates involuntary, unconscious functions like heart rate and breathing.
What is negative feedback, and how is sweating when you are too hot an example?
Negative feedback is when the body responds in a way that removes the initial stimulus. Heat is the stimulus, and sweating cools the body, which removes the heat and returns temperature to normal.
Who was the first country to win the world cup?
Uruguay