Nervous System
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Which part of the cerebrum (in the brain) controls voluntary movements of the right side of the body?
The left cerebral hemisphere (left side)
What are nerve cells called?
Neurons
Hormones
Who was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in 1903?
Marie Curie!
What do receptors called 'thermoreceptors' detect?
Changes in temperature or heat
What is an imaging technique that we can use to look at the function of the brain?
MRI
What is the function of neurons? (What do they do, generally?)
To transmit messages and information around the body
Where are hormones released from?
Glands
In which year did World War I begin?
1914
You accidentally touch the metal part of a seatbelt on a 40 degree day. As a reflex, you pull your hand away. What is the stimulus?
The heat from the metal part of the seatbelt
Which side of the brain has more control over language and logical thinking?
The left cerebral hemisphere
What does a sensory neuron do?
Transmits impulses from receptors in sense organs (sight, smell, touch, taste, sound) to the CNS
Complementary shapes (like a jigsaw puzzle) between hormones and receptor
What is the chemical symbol for gold?
Au
You accidentally touch the metal part of a seatbelt on a 40 degree day. As a reflex, you pull your hand away. What is the response?
Pulling your hand away from the source of heat
What are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Somatic NS (voluntary control) and autonomic (involuntary control)
What does a motor neuron do?
Transmits impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands (effectors) to cause them to respond
What is homeostasis?
The process of maintaining a constant internal environment in the body to keep everything at a healthy level
What is the only continent where coffee grows naturally?
Africa
You accidentally touch the metal part of a seatbelt on a 40 degree day. As a reflex, you pull your hand away. What is the receptor? And What is the effector?
Receptor = thermoreceptors in hand or fingertips that detect heat
Effector = muscles in hand and arm that pull the hand away
Which division of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system is activated in situations of fear or stress? (200 points) And which division opposes this and calms the body back down?
Sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) and parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest)
Describe what happens in a knee-jerk reflex (hammer tap on the knee, and the leg swings forward)
Include: stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effectors, response
Stimulus: hammer tap
Receptor: receptor in knee detects hammer tap
Sensory neuron: sends impulse to brain and spinal cord
Motor neuron: transmits impulse from brain to muscles
Effectors: muscles contract and move leg
Response: lower leg swings forward
Use the idea of a negative feedback loop to explain what happens when either temperature, water levels, or blood glucose becomes too high.
What is the largest desert in the world?
The Antarctic Desert