Nervous System
Reproduction
Nerve Cells
Endocrine System
Trivia
100

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

100

Identify two differences between K and r strategests

responses may vary

100

What are nerve cells called?

Neurons

100
What does the endocrine system involve?

Hormones

100

Who was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in 1903?

Marie Curie!

200

Explain the function of a neuron

To transmit via electrical signal information from receptors to control centre and back to effectors

200

What are the two stages of fertilisation in flowers

Pollination and fertilisation

200

Name A, B, C, D and F

A Dendrite

B Cell body

C Axon

D Myelin sheath

F synaptic terminal

200

Where are hormones released from?

Glands

200

In which year did World War I begin?

1914

300

You accidentally touch the metal part of a seatbelt on a 40 degree day. As a reflex, you pull your hand away. What is the stimulus?

The heat from the metal part of the seatbelt

300

What are two differences between self-pollination and cross pollination

Self-pollination is when pollen is transferred between different parts of the same plant. Less genetic diversity than cross-pollination. 

Cross-pollination is when pollen is transferred between different plants. More genetic diversity due to two parents

300

What does a sensory neuron do?

Transmits impulses from receptors in sense organs (sight, smell, touch, taste, sound) to the CNS

300

How does the body make sure the right hormone binds the right receptor? (e.g. hormone binding heart muscle cells)

Complementary shapes (like a jigsaw puzzle) between hormones and receptor

300

What is the chemical symbol for gold?

Au

400

You accidentally touch the metal part of a seatbelt on a 40 degree day. As a reflex, you pull your hand away. What is the response?

Pulling your hand away from the source of heat

400

compare asexual and sexual reproduction

answers may vary - must have similarities and differences

400

What does a motor neuron do?

Transmits impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands (effectors) to cause them to respond

400

What is homeostasis?

The process of maintaining a constant internal environment in the body to keep everything at a healthy level

400

What is the only continent where coffee grows naturally?

Africa

500

Which division of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system is activated in situations of fear or stress? (200 points) And which division opposes this and calms the body back down?

Sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) and parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest)

500

Explain why K strategists are better suited to stable environments

They are better suited to stable environments because:

  1. They invest heavily in each offspring: In stable environments, offspring have a higher chance of surviving, so investing more resources in each one is worthwhile.
  2. Competition is more important than rapid reproduction
    • When resources are consistently available but limited, success depends on competing effectively rather than reproducing quickly.
    • K-strategists often have traits such as larger body size, longer lifespans, and efficient resource use that help them compete.
  3. Population growth is slow and steady - Stable environments do not usually create sudden opportunities for explosive population growth.
  4. They are less adapted to frequent disturbances
    • Because they reproduce slowly, K-strategists recover more slowly after disasters or major environmental changes.
    • In stable environments, this disadvantage is minimized because large disturbances are relatively uncommon.
500

Describe what happens in a knee-jerk reflex (hammer tap on the knee, and the leg swings forward)

Include: stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effectors, response

Stimulus: hammer tap

Receptor: receptor in knee detects hammer tap

Sensory neuron: sends impulse to brain and spinal cord

Motor neuron: transmits impulse from brain to muscles

Effectors: muscles contract and move leg

Response: lower leg swings forward

500

Use the idea of a negative feedback loop to explain what happens when either water levels, or blood glucose becomes too high.

Blood glucose becomes too high

  1. After eating, blood glucose levels rise above the normal range.
  2. The pancreas detects the increase and releases the hormone insulin.
  3. Insulin causes body cells to take up more glucose from the blood and stimulates the liver and muscles to store glucose as glycogen.
  4. As glucose is removed from the bloodstream, blood glucose levels fall back toward normal.
  5. When the normal level is restored, insulin release decreases.

This is a negative feedback loop because the response (insulin release) counteracts the original change (high blood glucose), reducing the stimulus and restoring balance.

Water levels become too high

  1. The body detects that there is too much water in the blood, causing the blood to become more dilute than normal.
  2. The hypothalamus in the brain detects this change and signals the pituitary gland to release less antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
  3. With less ADH present, the kidneys reabsorb less water back into the bloodstream.
  4. More water is excreted in the urine, which becomes larger in volume and more dilute.
  5. As excess water leaves the body, water levels return to normal.
  6. Once the normal level is restored, ADH secretion returns to its usual level.

This is a negative feedback loop because the response (reduced ADH and increased water loss) opposes the original change (water levels being too high), bringing the body's water balance back to normal.

500

What is the largest desert in the world?

The Antarctic Desert

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