Atomic Structure
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Proton
What is the name of the bond formed between metals and non-metals?
Ionic bond
What is the bond found within Group 1 metals?
Metallic bond
What does oxidation mean?
loss of electrons/gain of oxygen
Which states of matter have particulars in contact with each other?
Solid and liquid
What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass?
Atomic number = number of protons
Atomic mass = number of protobs + neutrons
What is covalent bonding?
When 2 atoms share a pair of electrons
What is the term for metals being easily bent into shape? Why can they do this?
Malleable
The postive ions are arranged in layers that can slide over each other
What are 2 observations when a metal reacts with an acid?
Metal disappears
Bubbles form
Lighted splint goes out with a pop sound when tested against the gas
Define condensation (use kinetic theory in your answer)
As GAS particles cool down, they release kinetic energy and the particles do not move around as much. They are now closer together and can slide over each other (liquid)
How many electrons does a sodium ion have? What is its electron configuration?
10 electrons
2, 8
Explain how sodium chloride is formed.
Sodium loses 1 electron to become Na+ and Chlorine gains an electron to become Cl-1, they have an electrostatic attraction between them
Under oil. It could react with water or oxygen in air.
What is the ore of copper called? Explain why carbon can be used to extract copper from copper oxide.
Malachite. Carbon is more reactive than copper.
What are 3 differences between boiling and evaporation?
Boiling has:
- Bubbles
- Heat
- Requires boiling point
- Occurs throughout the liquid
What is the mass of an electron?
0.0005amu or 1/1836 (or 1/2000) amu
Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten but not when solid?
Electricity is a flow of charge. In solid state the ions cannot flow, in liquen state the charged ions can flow
Which is more reactive, sodium or lithium? Explain why.
Sodium
Sodium is in a lower period, more shells, less electrostatic attraction between positive nucleus and the outermost electron, easily loses electron (reacts)
What is the name of the method used to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide?
Electrolysis
Heating increases kinetic energy. This means particles collide much more and spread out more, in doing so they will spread to regions where there are less particles (lower concentration).
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
They have different physical properties but they have the same chemical properties. How is it possible that they have the same chemical properties?
Chemical properties are determined by electron configuration/electronic structure.
Same number of protons = same electron number = same electron number/electron configuration = same chemical properties
Magnesium oxide has a much higher melting point than carbon dioxide. Explain why.
Magnesium oxide = ionic compound = electrostatic bonds are strong = lots of energy required to break
Carbon dioxide = simple covalent molecule = weak intermolecular forces = less energy required
What is the trend of melting points down Group 1? Why?
Melting point decreases down the group.
The atoms have more shells as you go down the group so the postive nucleus is further and further away from the delocalised electrons, which means the electrotstatic attraction is weaker. Less energy is required to break these bonds as you go down the group
Iron is heated with carbon.
Explain whether iron is oxidised or reduced. Include charges and electrons in your answer.
Iron is reduced.
The charge goes from +2/+3 to 0.
It gained electrons.
A sealed syringe contains air and the plunger is pushed in. Explain what happens using particle theory.
Pressure increases as volume decreases. There are now more particles in the same space so particles collide against each other and the walls of the syringe more.