Agricultural Revolution
What is the name of the system that replaced the open field system in England?
The Enclosure System
In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Britain.
What year did the First Fleet arrive in Australia?
1788
What was the transatlantic slave trade?
The trade of enslaved Africans to the Americas across the Atlantic Ocean.
What was the Middle Passage?
The journey enslaved Africans took across the Atlantic to the Americas.
What doe MAIN stand for?
Militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism
What invention by Jethro Tull improved seed planting during the Agricultural Revolution?
The seed drill
What was the name of the machine that revolutionized the textile industry?
The spinning jenny
Why were convicts sent to Australia?
To relieve overcrowded prisons in Britain.
Which continents were part of the triangular trade?
Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
What conditions did enslaved Africans face on the Middle Passage? Identify 3
Overcrowding, disease, abuse, and high death rates.
What does nationalism mean?
My country is better than yours attitude
Why did the Agricultural Revolution lead to a population increase?
It produced more food, improving health and survival rates.
What power source became essential during the early Industrial Revolution?
Steam power
What was one key difference between convicts and free settlers?
Free settlers came by choice; convicts were forced.
Name two impacts of slavery on African societies.
Loss of population and disruption of communities, introduction of weapons.
What is the loose pack method?
The loose pack method loaded fewer enslaved people into a ship's cargo hold, giving them more space to lie down.
How was militarism evident in the lead up to WW1?
The arms race
Explain how crop rotation helped increase food production.
It prevented soil exhaustion and allowed for more productive land use.
How did the factory system differ from the domestic system?
Work was done in large buildings with machines instead of homes.
What types of work did convicts typically do in the colonies?
Building roads, farming, domestic service, and public works.
How did European demand for slaves affect African kingdoms?
Some kingdoms grew powerful through the trade; others were weakened or destroyed.
What were slave ships designed to prioritize over human life?
Profit and space efficiency.
Name the two major alliances before WWI.
Triple Alliance and Triple Entente.
Name two effects of the Agricultural Revolution on the rural population.
Loss of land due to enclosures and migration to cities.
Name one negative and one positive social impact of the Industrial Revolution.
Negative – child labor. Positive – improved transportation.
How did free settlers help shape early Australian society?
They established farms, businesses, and towns.
Explain how slavery contributed to racism.
Europeans justified slavery through racist beliefs of African inferiority.
Describe one form of resistance used by enslaved people during the voyage.
Refusing to eat, revolting, or jumping overboard.
Explain how imperialism led to rivalry among European powers.
Nations competed for colonies, creating tension and mistrust.
How did the Agricultural Revolution act as a cause of the Industrial Revolution?
It freed up labor and created surplus food, supporting urban growth and factory work.
How did industrialisation affect global trade and imperialism?
It increased demand for raw materials and markets, fueling colonisation.
Describe how the treatment of convicts changed over time in Australia.
Harsh early conditions gave way to more rights and eventual freedom for many.
What long-term effects did slavery have on Africa’s development?
Economic underdevelopment, political instability, and weakened institutions.
How does knowledge of the Middle Passage shape historical understanding of slavery today and influence our current context?
It highlights the cruelty and inhumanity of the system, influencing discussions on human rights and justice.
Describe how the MAIN causes interacted to escalate the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand into a world war.
Alliances caused countries to join the conflict, militarism sped up mobilization, imperial rivalries increased aggression, and nationalism fueled support for war.