Types of Diseases
What is a disease?
An abnormal condition that effects the body or mind of an organism.
How can infectious diseases spread?
Direct (touching, bodily fluids or water-droplets) or non-direct (air, water, vector, fomite) contact.
What does the nervous system do?
Sends messages between the brain and body
What does the endocrine system do?
Sends hormones to control body functions
What does the immune system do?
Protects the body from germs and disease
What is an infectious disease?
A disease caused by a pathogen that can be spread from one person to another.
What is the best way to stop germs spreading?
Wash your hands
What is the main cell in the nervous system?
Neuron
What is a hormone?
A chemical messenger made in glands
How does skin help stop disease?
It acts as a barrier to germs
What is a non-infectious disease?
A disease that cannot be spread from person to person
What is a vaccine?
A preventative medicine that helps build an immunity to a disease by exposing the body to a pathogen which triggers the body to make memory cells.
What is a reflex?
A fast, automatic response
Name a gland in the body.
Pituitary gland (also: pancreas, thyroid, adrenal gland)
Name one symptom you might have when sick.
Fever (also: headache, tiredness)
Name one infectious disease and one non-infectious disease.
Infectious: Flu (also: COVID-19, chickenpox, cold)
Non-infectious: Name one non-infectious disease.
Name one thing people do to stop the spread of disease in a community.
Vaccinations (also: isolation, wearing masks, hygiene)
Name one role of the spinal cord.
Passes messages between brain and body; controls reflexes
Name a hormone and its job.
Insulin—controls blood sugar; adrenaline—prepares body for action
What do white blood cells do?
Attack and destroy germs
Name one non-infectious disease.
Diabetes (also: asthma, cancer)
What is herd immunity?
When enough people are immune so a disease doesn’t spread easily
What is a neurotransmitter?
A chemical that helps messages move between nerve cells
How are endocrine messages different from nervous messages?
Endocrine is slow and uses chemicals; nervous is fast and uses electricity
What are the three lines of defence - identify their role
First line of defence - Innate, chemical and physical barriers
Second line of defence - Innate, fever, inflammation, compliment protein systems, phagocytes
Third line of defence - Adaptive, Lymphocytes (B and T cells), antibodies, memory cells.