Structure of the Earth/Plate tectonics
What are the three main layers of the Earth? (Place them in order from the centre of the Earth outwards)
Core, mantle and Crust.
What is the epicentre of an Earthquake?
Epicentre – directly above the focus, this is the first place to feel the earthquake
What is global warming?
Global warming is the rise in temperature of the earth's atmosphere.
What are the four spheres?
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Atmosphere
What are the three biogeochemical cycles we learnt about this term?
Water cycle, carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle.
What are the two types of crust?
Oceanic and continental
Define the three terms in relation to volcanoes:
1. Active
2. Dormant
3. Extinct
1. Some volcanoes are still active and erupt frequently.
2. Some volcanoes are dormant (sleeping) and are not active but could still erupt in the future.
3. Some volcanoes are extinct (never likely to erupt again).
What are two things that humans do to contribute to climate change?
Burn fossil fuels to make energy
Methane is released from buried landfill sites (producing too much waste)
Deforestation (cutting down and burning trees releases CO2)
What is the hydrosphere?
The hydrosphere is composed of all of the water on or near the earth.
In the water cycle, what do the following terms mean:
(a) condensation
(b) evaporation
(a) the formation of clouds. Water vapour changes state from a gas to a liquid.
(b)Water changing state from a liquid to a gas due to the heat energy from the sun.
What are the three types of tectonic plate boundaries?
Divergent, convergent and transform.
Which of the plate tectonic boundaries can create volcanoes?
Divergent and convergent
Name three greenhouse gases.
•water vapour
•carbon dioxide
•methane
•nitrous oxide
•ozone
•chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
What is the biosphere?
The biosphere is composed of all living organisms (plants, animals, and one-celled organisms).
What are two ways that plants can get Nitrogen?
From the soil and from the air.
Which layer of the Earth is broken up into pieces called plate tectonics?
Lithosphere (the crust and upper part of the mantle)
Which of the plate boundaries can create earthquakes?
All (Divergent, convergent and transform)
What are two natural sources that contribute to climate change?
Carbon Dioxide is produced naturally as humans and animals breathe
Methane is produced naturally from cows as they digest food
Volcanic eruptions produce carbon dioxide as they erupt
Explain how two spheres may interact with each other.
Teacher judgement.
How does carbon move from the atmosphere to plants? What is the by-product that is produced due to this process?
Used by plants, with sunlight energy, for photosynthesis. Breaks down C02 to be used as nutrition by the plants, releases oxygen as a by product.
Describe the motion of each of the plate boundaries.
Divergent - move away from each other
Convergent - move toward each other, crashing into each other
Transform - Slide along each other horizontally
Which of the following can trigger a tsunami (you may select multiple answers):
(a) An earthquake
(b) Tropical storms
(c) Colliding tectonic plates
(d) Volcanoes
a, c and d
List 5 everyday activities that could contribute to global warming and produce greenhouse gases.
Various answers (teacher judgement)
Explain how at least three spheres may interact with each other.
Teacher judgement.
List one way that nitrogen can get back into the soil in the nitrogen cycle.
1. When plants and animals die and decay decomposers break their proteins down, releasing ammonia.
2. Animal wastes, urea and faeces, contain nitrogen. They are converted to ammonia by decomposers.
3. Bacteria convert ammonia to nitrogen in the soil