Industrial Revolution
Name ONE new technology that brought about the Industrial Revolution
Steam powered boats and trains, the factory system, photographs, dynamite etc.
Cotton, sugarcane, copper, iron, tobacco, molasses, rum etc.
Explain the difference between Imperialism and Colonialism
Imperialism - the ideology that one country and its way of living is superior, therefore they should bring this to other countries, controlling them through indirect, political or economic means.
Colonialism - supported by Imperialism, however it involves the settling of people in the controlled land, and ruling through direct means.
Generally how long did it take to sail the Middle Passage? (with no navigation errors)
Between 2 - 3 months
A person who favours the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or slavery.
Define 'urbanisation'
Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. Urbanisation occurs because people move from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas (towns and cities).
Which country was the biggest importer of slaves?
Which country was the biggest exporter of slaves?
Importer - Portugal
Exporter - UK
Explain TWO reasons why Europeans were unable to colonise Africa earlier than they did.
High mortality rates from tropical diseases
Lacked technology to travel long distances quickly and accurately
Lack of communication technology
Name TWO forms of mistreatment the enslaved people suffered during transport?
Shaved heads
Illness and disease
Forced labour, exercise and dancing
Cramped quarters
Malnutrition
Name ONE lasting impact of slavery that is still present in 2024
Answers will vary
Racism
Loss of language and culture
Distrust of authorities
Outline THREE factors required for a country to Industrialise.
1. Proximity to waterways
2. Access to coal and iron
3. Access to foreign resources
4. Improved agricultural productivity
5. Urbanisation
6. Protection of private property
7. Accumulation of capital
Explain THREE reasons Europeans sought to buy slaves from other countries, than rely on native labour.
1. It was cheaper
2. Natives were hard to conquer and control as they rebelled
3. They believed Africans to be inferior
4. They believed Africans to be 'kinless'
Which two countries held the most land in Africa?, circa 1914?
UK and France
Of the 12.5 million people transported across the Middle Passage, how many died during transport?
Up to 2 million
Name ONE individual who impacted the course of slavery throughout time. Explain their impact.
Answers will vary - could discusss any of the following:
- Abraham Lincoln
- Harriet Tubman
- Olaudah Equiano
- Cecil Rhodes
What is the Second Industrial Revolution associated with?
New scientific knowledge and industrial technology
Explain what the 'White Man's Burden' was and how it relates to the concept of paternalism.
White people saw it as their responsibility (their "burden") to civilise the 'wild, unclean and stupid' African people. They did this by enslaving them and forcing them to conform to Western ideals of civility as they believe this was what was best for them.
Name TWO lasting impacts of European Imperialism that are still present in 2024
British rule of the Commonwealth
Economic disparity between Africa and Europe
Political instability in Africa
Exploitation of African workers
Dual national languages in previously colonised countries
Explain what 'triangular trade' was, and name TWO commodities that would be exchanged in this system.
Triangular trade is trade between three ports or regions.
Slaves were traded for guns, sugarcane and other commodities.
Explain why it is important to study the darker parts of our world's history and what we learn from this.
Answers will vary
What is the principle of laissez-faire?
Hint: It's English translation is 'let it happen'
Abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market.
Define 'social Darwinism'
Explain ONE justification of slavery and how this connects to the concept of 'social Darwinism'.
Social Darwinism is the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better, at a biological, moral and intellectual level.
Slave traders used this to justify the purchase of slaves as they were considered 'lesser' people.
How did Imperialism as a political ideology come to affect the physical boundaries of the world? Make reference to ONE specific country.
Answers will vary.
Explain the impact of the triangle trade on either:
- The economy of the involved continents
- The proliferation of slavery
Answers will vary
When was slavery abolished in Australia?
Slavery was outlawed in the British Empire, including Australia, by 1833.