General WWI
What are the 4 causes of WWI
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
What were the short-term effects of the Industrial revolution in Britain?
Child labour, poor working conditions, rapid spread of disease, increase crime rate
Define Conscription
The compulsory enlistment of people to serve in the armed forces
Name two weapons that were used in WWI
Flamethrowers, Grenades, Machine guns, pistols, rifles
Give 3 examples of food that was eaten in the trenches.
Canned beans
Jam
Biscuits
Canned meat
What 3 items were shipped from Europe to Africa?
Textiles, Rum and manufactured goods.
Define emancipist
A convict who has been set free
How did slave catchers typically capture young Africans during the transatlantic slave trade?
Slave catchers often used rope nets to capture young Africans. They were frequently seized while out hunting, and their families would often never know what happened to them.
Provide 2 reasons as to why Australians joined the army.
sense adventure
friends were joining
fight for the their mother country
monetary reasons
Describe some of the harsh conditions faced by enslaved people during their journey to the Americas on slave ships?
The quarters below deck were overcrowded, leaking, and, providing little protection from the elements. In summer, the heat was unbearable, while in winter, the slaves had no blankets or proper clothing and suffered from intense cold. Overcrowding and being shackled made it nearly impossible to find a comfortable position. Slaves were often forced to lie in their own urine and excrement
Define Crown land
Land legally owned by the Monarch of Britain
What role did Australian women play during WWI?
They worked as nurses
What three areas was WWI mainly fought?
1. Western Front
2. Gallipoli
3. Middle East
What were the two different methods used by slave ship companies to pack enslaved people,
and how did these methods reflect the companies' business interests?
The 'loose pack' method involved giving enslaved people slightly more space, which resulted in fewer deaths due to the horrific conditions aboard the ships. Although this meant that fewer individuals could be transported per voyage, those who survived were often in better condition, which made them more valuable once sold at the slave markets. This method was seen as potentially more profitable in the long term due to the higher prices for healthier survivors.
The 'tight pack' method, on the other hand, packed many more enslaved people into the ship's holds, leading to even worse living conditions and a higher death rate during the journey. While this method increased the number of people transported per ship, the higher mortality rate could reduce overall profits, as many slaves died before reaching their destination.
Define Egalitarianism
equal opportunities amongst all people, regardless of their position in society: idea of equality amongst all.
What methods were used to prepare slaves for auction upon arrival at American ports, and how were they examined by potential buyers?
Upon arrival at American ports, slaves were unloaded and prepared for auction by covering sores and wounds with tar to hide them. Troublemaker slaves were sedated with laudanum (made from opium). During the auction, slaves were paraded before potential buyers, who would examine them closely by looking in their mouths, feeling their muscles, and even assessing their potential to breed more slaves.
List the three original members of the Triple Entente.
List another three that later joined.
Britain, France and Russia.
Italy, US, Japan, Belgium, Serbia
In the First World War, Australians fought on both the Eastern and Western Fronts.
Name one location on the Eastern front and one on the Western Front where Australia fought
Eastern Front:
While Australia did not directly fight on the Eastern Front (which primarily involved Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia), Australian troops were involved in the Gallipoli Campaign (1915) in the Ottoman Empire, which is geographically closer to the Eastern Front and often linked to the broader theater of war in the East.
Western Front:
One key location on the Western Front where Australians fought was the Somme (1916), particularly during the Battle of Fromelles, which was part of the larger Battle of the Somme. Australian forces also played a significant role in other battles on the Western Front, including Passchendaele (1917) and Hamel (1918).
Define Socialism
An economic system where industries are owned by workers rather than businesses
What were the consequences for rebellious slaves during the transatlantic slave trade, and what cultural significance did this punishment hold for some African tribes?
Rebellious slaves often had their hands and heads severed as punishment. The severed body parts were then passed around to other slaves below deck as a warning. For some African tribes, the severing of the head was particularly terrifying, as they believed that without their heads, their spirits would never be able to find their way home.