Continental Drift
What was the original super continent called?
Pangaea
What are the 2 main types of waves caused by Earthquakes?
Primary waves
Secondary waves
Convergent (towards each other)
Divergent (away from each other)
Transform (up/down from each other)
What causes an Earthquake?
Disturbances eg volcanoes underneath the ocean.
Name the 4 layers of the earth
mantle
outer core
inner core
Who suggested the theory of continental drift
Alfred Wegner
What are the waves created by an Earthquake called?
Seismic waves
What forms at an oceanic- continental plate boundary?
The thinner, denser oceanic plate subducts under the continental plate
Result:
ocean trench at line of collision
line of mountains along the crumpled edge
Volcanoes as heat rises up through cracks in crust
Name 3 major impacts of Tsunamis
loss of lives
loss of buildings
loss of businesses
Is Australia or New Zealand located in the middle of a tectonic plate?
Australia
Describe the theory of Continental drift
Originally, we had a super continent called Pangaea, over time the continents have moved/drifted away from each other.
Name given to the location on the Earth's surface where an Earthquake located.
Epicenter
What forms at a continental- continental convergent boundary?
Because the plates have similar densities, the plates crumple
Results: fold upwards into mountain ranges
Name 2 types of Tsunami protection systems
Natural Barriers (mangrove/coral reefs)
Early warning System (t.v/texts/radio)
Why does New Zealand have more Earthquakes than Australia?
New Zealand is located on a plate boundary where seismic activity occurs. Australia is located in the middle of a plate.
Wegner's theory of Continental drift was not supported by the scientific community. What piece of technology changed the science communities mind to support Continental Drift?
Satellite Technology
Transverse wave
Why does the Ring of Fire have high level of Earthquakes/Volcanoes?
There are a high number of plate boundaries in this area thus causing a lot of movement of these plates.
Large amounts of subduction occurs (where 1 tectonic plate is pushed underneath another) causing volcanoes and earthquakes
what early detection system is located in the ocean?
•Oceanic tsunami detection buoys
What type of currents are located in the Mantle?
Convection currents
Describe Satellite imagery- technology used to help support Continental Drift
Collects photographic images over time of the Earth’s surface from outer space and transmits these images to Earth to measure and show the distance continents travel.
What direction does a Transverse wave occur?
Up/Down
Why are volcanoes NOT found at Transform boundaries?
Volcanoes are not found at Transform boundaries because neither plate is forced down into the mantle and there is little/no magma available at the boundary
how does tsunami protection systems have an impact on people's lives
•Increases chance of survival
•Less people losing homes
•Less people losing businesses/buildings
In the middle of a tectonic plate, hot magma from mantle pushes up through the crust’s surface becoming a volcano is called?
Hotspots - example Hawaiin islands.