Atomic Structure
What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
What is the name of Group 8?
Noble gases
What happens when an atom becomes a +1 ion?
It loses one electron
What is density?
Mass per unit volume
What is the SI unit for temperature?
Kelvin (K)
Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom?
Nucleus
What determines the atomic number of an element?
Number of protons
Magnesium atoms take on the electron configuration of which element when they form Mg⁺⁺ ions
Neon
A block has a mass of 200 g and volume of 50 cm³. What is its density?
4 g/cm3
What is the difference between heat and temperature?
Heat is all the energy transferred; temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles.
An atom has 17 protons and a nucleon number of 35. How many neutrons does it have?
18 neutrons
An atom has the electron configuration 2,8,3. Which group and period is it in?
group 3
period 3
What is the electron configuration of the chloride ion?
2,8,8
Water has a density of 1,000 kg/m³. Calculate the pressure at 2 m depth. Use g = 10 N/kg. Be sure to give the correct units.
20,000 Pa
Calculate the energy needed to heat 100 g of water by 80°C. Use c = 4.2 J/g°C.
33,600 J
Carbon-14 has 6 protons. How many neutrons and electrons does a neutral carbon-14 atom have?
8 neutrons and 6 electrons
As you move from left to right across a period, what generally happens to the number of outer-shell electrons?
Increases
Calcium forms Ca²⁺ and chlorine forms Cl⁻. What is the formula of the compound they form?
CaCl2
A stone weighs 20 N in air and 14 N underwater. What is its buoyant force?
6 N
Two objects have the same mass and receive the same amount of heat. Which has the larger temperature increase: one with a high or low specific heat capacity?
The object with the lower specific heat capacity.
Atoms X and Y have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. What are they called?
An atom has the electron configuration 2,8,7. What group and period is it in, and what type of element is it?
group 7, period 3, halogen
Aluminium forms Al³⁺ and oxygen forms O²⁻. What is the formula of the compound, and why?
A stone weighs 20 N in air and 14 N under pure water. What is its volume in cm3?
600 cm3
A metal block receives 12,000 J of energy and its temperature increases from 20°C to 80°C. The block has a mass of 400 g. What is its specific heat capacity in J/g°C?
0.50 J/g°C.