Microorganisms
Which type of microorganism is commonly used to make bread rise?
Yeast
Which tissue transports water from the roots to the leaves?
Xylem
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is an organism's genetic makeup; phenotype is its observable characteristics.
Can viruses reproduce on their own?
No. They must infect a host cell.
How many chambers does the human heart have? Name them.
Four. Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle.
What important role do decomposer microorganisms play in ecosystems?
They break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients.
What is the name of the process where water evaporates from leaves?
Transpiration
Which process involves humans choosing organisms with desirable traits to reproduce?
Selective breeding
Name one method used to protect populations from viral diseases.
Vaccination or quarantine.
Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Arteries
True or False: All microorganisms cause disease.
False. Many microorganisms are beneficial.
Which tissue transports sugars around the plant?
Phloem
What is natural selection?
Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Name two metabolic waste products removed by the body in the renal system.
Carbon dioxide and urea.
Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?
It pumps blood around the entire body and must generate much higher pressure.
How do microorganisms help food webs continue to function?
They recycle nutrients through decomposition so plants can grow again.
What is translocation?
The movement of dissolved sugars through the phloem to different parts of the plant.
Give one example of environmental variation.
Diet, exercise, sunlight exposure, or education.
What is the main function of the kidneys?
To filter blood, remove waste products, regulate water balance and produce urine.
What is the purpose of the heart valves?
They prevent blood from flowing backwards.
Give two ways microorganisms benefit humans.
Any two:
Explain why transpiration is important for plants.
It creates a pulling force that draws water and minerals from the roots to the leaves while also helping cool the plant.
Scientists discover fossils showing many organisms disappeared after a rapid climate change. What process does this provide evidence for?
Evolution through natural selection and extinction caused by environmental change.
Describe the three main stages of urine formation.
Filtration, selective reabsorption and water regulation before urine is excreted.
A person has clogged coronary arteries. Explain why this is dangerous.
Reduced blood flow means less oxygen reaches the heart muscle, increasing the risk of heart attacks and damage to heart tissue.