DNA
This is the shape of DNA.
What is double helix?
The 4 nitrogenous bases of an RNA molecule include....
What are adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil?
The process in which DNA is used to make an mRNA strand.
What is transcription?
In what organelle is mRNA read and the protein synthesized?
What is " the ribosome?"
Protein Synthesis actually begins in the _______________ when DNA transcribes into ___________.
Which mutation swaps one (or more) nucleotide with another?
substitution
A sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base make up a_______.
What is a nucleotide?
True or False
DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids
True
The site where mRNA is created from the DNA sequence that will code for a specific trait.
What is the "nucleus?"
This type of RNA transfers the appropriate amino acid.
What is tRNA?
What is transcription.
insertion
This is the bond that connects nitrogenous bases of DNA in the rungs of the ladder.
What are hydrogen bonds?
Name the three different types of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Provide the missing information
DNA: CTA
mRNA:
What is..
mRNA: GAU
A group of three bases on mRNA that determine a specific amino acid is called a ________
What is a "codon?"
The copy created from transcription is ______________.
What is mRNA?
Which type of mutation removes one (or more) nucleotides?
deletion
This is small subunits that compose molecules of DNA & RNA.
What is a nucleotide?
This type of RNA is found in ribosomes.
What is rRNA?
DNA: CAT-GTA-CCG. What is the complementary mRNA strand from the DNA sequence?
What is RNA: GUA-CAU-GGC?
The type of RNA that carries the message from the nucleus to the ribosome
What is mRNA?
mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to this organelle.
What is the ribosome?
Which mutation results when a segment of a chromosome is copied?
duplication
This is the sugar found in DNA.
What is deoxyribose?
RNA travels from the nucleus to the ribosome through this substance.
What is cytoplasm?
The sequence of bases on mRNA that indicates the beginning of the protein building instructions?
What is the START codon?
This is the name of the strand that is created from the DNA template for protein synthesis.
What is the mRNA?
Due to the base-pairing rule, what percent of cytosine would be present if there is 30% guanine?
What is 30%
A _______ in the sequence of the nucleotides is usually caused by insertion or deletion.
frameshift
This term describes the nitrogen bases that are double-ringed structures.
What are purines?
True or False
mRNA can't leave the nucleus because it's too big.
false
A ribosome will continue to create a protein until it encounters a ____.
What is a "Stop Codon."
This changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
What is a mutation?
tRNA brings the correct _____________________ back to the ribosome.
What is amino acid.
Which mutation results when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome?
translocation
This term describes the nitrogen bases that are single-ringed structures.
What are pyrimidines?
List 3 differences between a DNA & RNA molecule.
DNA is double stranded; RNA is single
N. Bases for DNA: A, C, G, T; RNA: A, U, C, G
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar; RNA: ribose sugar
DNA has the genetic code; RNA uses DNA to carry the message.
DNA can't leave the nucleus; RNA has to leave the nucleus
The secondary process of protein synthesis in which mRNA is used to produce proteins is known as ______.
What is translation?
These three nitrogen bases are complimentary to the mRNA codons during translation.
What is the "anticodon."
This nucleic acid can be found inside and outside of the nucleus.
What is RNA?
Which mutation causes a stop codon to appear too early?
nonsense