DNA
This is the shape of DNA.
What is double helix?
This is a process by which a cell copies or duplicates its DNA.
What is Replication?
The 4 nitrogenous bases of an RNA molecule include....
What are adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil?
The process in which DNA is used to make an mRNA strand.
What is transcription?
In what organelle is mRNA read and the protein synthesized?
What is " the ribosome?"
Protein Synthesis actually begins in the _______________ when DNA transcribes into ___________.
Which mutation swaps one (or more) nucleotide with another?
substitution
A sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base make up a_______.
What is a nucleotide?
True or False
Proofreading of the new DNA strand by polymerase I and II repairs 99% of all errors that occur during replication.
True
True or False
DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids
True
The site where mRNA is created from the DNA sequence that will code for a specific trait.
What is the "nucleus?"
This type of RNA transfers the appropriate amino acid.
What is tRNA?
What is transcription.
insertion
The 4 nitrogenous bases of a DNA molecule include...
What are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine?
Adenine pairs with ___________
Guanine pairs with ____________
What is thymine?
What is cytosine?
Name the three different types of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
The secondary process of protein synthesis in which mRNA is used to produce proteins is known as ______.
What is translation?
These three nitrogen bases are complimentary to the mRNA codons during translation.
What is the "anticodon."
This enzyme binds to the promotor site on the DNA strands and adds the complimentary bases to form the mRNA strand.
What is RNA polymerase?
Which type of mutation removes one (or more) nucleotides?
deletion
This is the bond that connects nitrogenous bases of DNA in the rungs of the ladder.
What are hydrogen bonds?
This enzyme is responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides during replication. It unzips the DNA.
What is helicase?
This type of RNA is found in ribosomes.
What is rRNA?
DNA: CAT-GTA-CCG. What is the complementary mRNA strand from the DNA sequence?
What is RNA: GUA-CAU-GGC?
A group of three bases on mRNA that determine a specific amino acid is called a ________
What is a "codon?"
mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to this organelle.
What is the ribosome?
Which mutation results when a segment of a chromosome is copied?
duplication
This is small subunits that compose molecules of DNA & RNA.
What is a nucleotide?
What determines the function of a protein?
Its shape.
RNA travels from the nucleus to the ribosome through this substance.
What is cytoplasm?
Ribosomes read the mRNA strand _____ codon at a time. Each codon is made of ______ nitrogen bases.
What is "1 and 3"?
The type of RNA that carries the message from the nucleus to the ribosome
What is mRNA?
This changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
What is a mutation?
True or False: mutation always change the phenotype of an organism.
false
This is the sugar found in DNA.
What is deoxyribose?
These fragments are formed on the lagging strand when DNA is replicated.
What are Okazaki fragments?
List 3 differences between a DNA & RNA molecule.
DNA is double stranded; RNA is single
N. Bases for DNA: A, C, G, T; RNA: A, U, C, G
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar; RNA: ribose sugar
DNA has the genetic code; RNA uses DNA to carry the message.
DNA can't leave the nucleus; RNA has to leave the nucleus
This is another name of a protein.
What is a polypeptide?
This is the name of the strand that is created from the DNA template for protein synthesis.
What is the mRNA?
tRNA brings the correct _____________________ back to the ribosome.
What is amino acid.
A _______ in the sequence of the nucleotides is usually caused by insertion or deletion.
frameshift