Chemistry
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
100
What are the subatomic particles that an atom is made from?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
100
List 4 types of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
100
What are the three elements of lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms
100
What is the monomer of proteins called?
amino acid
100
What are the main three components of a nucleotide?
A sugar
A phosphate group
A base
200
How many covalent bonds does sulfur have?
6
200
What kind of bond connects monosaccharides?
Glycosidic bonds
200
What type of bond that fatty acid and glycerol backbone connect through dehydration synthesis?
Ester bond
200
What type of bonds that amino acids connect to each other?
peptide bonds
200
What is the main different between DNA bases and RNA bases?
DNA has Thymine (T)
RNA has Uracil (U)
300
which has more electronegative?
Sr or Si
Si
300
what happens during hydrolysis?
Hydrolysis ("hydro" = water and "lysis" = break)
adding water to one large molecule to break it into multiple smaller molecules
300
What type of Lipids that has 3 fatty acid connected to a glycerol backbone
Triglyceride
300
Explain what enzymes do.
Proteins act as catalysts in many chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions
300
Match the bases below for the given bases.
from DNA to RNA
DNA | G | A | C | T | T | A | G | G |
RNA | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
DNA | G | A | C | T | T | A | G | G |
RNA | C | T | G | A | A | T | C | C |
400
Is C2H6O polar or nonpolar?
Polar
400
Justin is about to run a short distance, but he forgot to have lunch. What category of carbohydrate would Justin want to eat to get energy the quickest?
Monosaccharides
Used by the body directly as a source of energy; easily broken down.
400
2 functions of Lipids
Easily broken down for energy or be stored for energy
Maintain body temperature
Protects structures in the body like organs and the spine
- Many hormones are lipids
400
What are some foods that packed With Proteins
Legumes such as beans or peas
White meats such as fish or chicken
Dairy products such as yogurt and milk
400
Name the following amino acids based on the codons.
DNA
| C | A | T |
Amino Acid:???
DNA --> mRNA
| C | A | T | --> | G | U | A |
mRNA --> tRNA
| G | U | A | --> | C | A | U |
tRNA: | C | A | U |
Amino Acid: His
500
Draw a Lewis Structure of CH3C(O)NHCH3
500
Justin is about to run a short distance, but he forgot to have lunch. If he were to need energy for a longer period of time, what carbohydrate might be a better option?
Complex Carbohydrates
Not as easily broken down; must be turned into monosaccharides for usable energy
500
Tram is having a lipids party and wants to put out snacks. She would prefer that her snacks stay solid without having to cool them. Which category of lipids should Tram make snacks with?
Saturated Fats
Solid at room temperature
500
Tram and Justin want to dye their shirts the same shade of blue for the Blue Shirt Convention. What tool could they use to quantitatively make sure their shirts are the same color?
(Hint: What tool did we use to measure absorbance in class?)
Spectrophotometer
500
List the steps of Protein Synthesis
1. Transcription (Initiation)
2. Transcription (Elongation)
3. Transcription (Termination)
4. RNA Splicing
5. RNA Leaves the Nucleus
6. Translation (Initiation)
7. Translation (Elongation)
8. Translation (Termination)