diseases
The progressive degeneration of the myelin sheath
multiple sclerosis
REM involves _____ levels of norepinephrine and _______ levels of acetylcholine
low, high
semantic memory vs episodic memory ????????????????????????????????
Semantic -
A form of declarative knowledge that includes general facts and data
Episodic - representations of your personal experience
TREMOR gene is involved in what diseases?
Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or stroke
FMRI vs MRI
idk i think fmri tracks the oxygen while MRI tracks water retention or somethin
For a spinal cord injury, this drug must be administered within ____ hours and it is known as __________
8 hours; Methylprednisolone
Produced by the hypothalamus and functional in the regulation of appetite and sleep.
Orexin
Area critical for facial recognition.
Fusiform Face area
Main one : PRKN
some bullshit
(LRRK-2)
(GBA)
(SNCA)
Blue Cones
3 main symptoms of dyslexia
Phonics / Producing words
Loss of Fluency
Hesitating in speaking
Describe the entire sleep-wake pathway.
with light
without light
with light :
SCN -> Lateral Hypothalamus -> Orexin -> Awake
**WITH LIGHT**
SCN -> Lateral Hypothalamus -> Orexin -> Awake
WITHOUT LIGHT
SCN -> VLPO -> Galanine and GABA -> Hypothalamus -> Pineal Gland -> Melatonin -> zzz
What part of the brain recognizes words, and where is found?
Visual word form area(VWFA) = Inside the fusiform gyrus
The primary gene involved in Huntingtons disease:
HTT gene
Nitrous oxide does what?
Vasodilation
Main medication to treat Bipolar disorder
Lithium
What system suppresses brain systems that keep us awake?
Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (VLPO)
Two cells for spatial memory, location, and function
Place cells- familiar areas, in the hippocampus
Grid Cells- Entorhinal cortex (near the hippocampus), memory in unfamiliar places with respect to familiar locations, think of the campground
Genes that cause early Alzheimer's (3)
APP
PSEN1
PSEN2
2 types of attention, area of brain, and function
Endogenous (voluntary)- When you choose to focus on something/ Frontal and parietal cornices.
Exogenous(involuntary)- When something in the environment grabs your attention / Ventral frontoparietal network
The three drugs used for PTSD patients are:
prazosin
Propranolol
peptide Y
4 excitatory neurons involved in wakefulness
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Glutamate
Reward pathway is? (NO ABBREVIATIONS !!!!!) 👲
VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) to NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS.
Some Genes studied in the Drosophila Melanogaster
Foraging (socializing) gene = Determined if flies roam around as they eat or just chill
Timeless gene = When mutated, don’t have a normal circadian rhythm
What are Lewy bodies?
accumulation of proteins in neuron bodies; mostly Alpha-synuclein