History
The year of the establishment of the juvenile system
What is 1899
What is the cycle of violence?
Victims of a crime, especially victims of childhood abuse, are more likely to commit crimes themselves.
What is the prevalence rate of mental illness amongst youth in the Juvenile Justice System (percentage)?
50%
What is a youth crime?
Youth crimes are unlawful, criminal offenses committed by minors.
What is most likely the reason for a child among the youth to become incarcerated?
Broken Family
The result of high crime rates of criminal behavior, neglect, and poverty in the cities
What is House of Refuge?
Social Reaction (labeling) theory
The view that people become criminals when significant member of society label them as such and they accept those labels as a personal identity.
What is generally the peak age for youth crime?
18 years old
What are the three categories of a youth crime?
Delinquency
Criminal
Status offenses
What is the primary influence on children's self control?
Parenting
What are the two things that make people accountable for crime?
Trait Theory
The view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits.
What was the court case that changed proceedings in the juvenile court system?
Kent vs. United States
Name seven crimes that are committed by juveniles.
Theft
Vandalism
Alcohol
Disorderly conduct
Simple assault/battery
Possession of marijuana
Curfew
School offenses
Truancy
Trespassing
Fraud
Harassment
Burglary
Loitering
Possession of weapon
What happens when parents do not monitor their children's behavior?
Expected to raise children who are low in self control, and also exhibit more deviant, delinquent, and criminal behavior.
A case was considered a landmark decision that established a bar of due process for youth waived to the adult system
What is Kent v. US?
superego
What is it called when police aggressively arrest minorities for minor infractions?
White Fear
Which offender begins and ends his or her criminal career in the adolescence stage ?
Age specific offenders or repeat offenders?
Age specific offenders
What year did Gottfredson and Hirschi conduct their research?
1990
Organized the society for the prevention of Pauperism, to oppose housing youth in adult jails and prisons, and urge the creation of a new institution
What is Thomas Eddy and John Griscom?
adolescent-limited offenders
Kids who get into minor scrapes as youth but whose misbehavior ends when they enter adulthood.
What was the court case that required youth charged with delinquency in juvenile court have many of the same due process rights as adults?
Gault Case
What is the age of responsibility for crime?
10
10%