Earth Spheres
Which sphere includes all the water on, under and above Earth’s surface?
Hydrosphere
What gas makes up about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere and is a major component even though it is not a direct greenhouse gas?
Nitrogen
A long‑term increase in average surface temperature of Earth is called _____.
Global Warming
Coral bleaching is primarily caused by elevated _____ in the ocean.
Temperature or Acidity
Planting trees to absorb CO₂ is an example of _____ (mitigation/adaptation)?
Mitigation
The 2015 international agreement in which countries committed to limiting global warming to well below 2°C is known as the _____ Agreement.
Paris
Which sphere is made up of all living organisms on Earth?
Biosphere
Burning fossil fuels releases large amounts of which primary greenhouse gas?
Carbon Dioxide
The measurement of past climate using ice‐cores, tree rings and sediment cores is known as _____.
HINT: A Palaeontologist studies ancient organisms
Paleoclimate Data
Increased frequency of droughts and heatwaves affect what vital resource for agriculture and humans?
Water Supply
Building sea‑walls to protect low‑lying areas is an example of _____ (mitigation/adaptation)?
Adaptation
A country turning off its lights for an hour on one specific day to raise awareness is called what global event?
Earth Hour
The rigid outer layer of Earth, including the crust and upper mantle, is called the _______.
Lithosphere
What is the primary human activity that adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
Burning fossil fuels
What is one key indicator of global temperature increase found in polar regions?
Melting sea ice or shrinking glaciers
Coastal communities face increased risk when this climate change impact combines with storms.
Sea-Level Rise
Switching from coal to renewable energy sources helps reduce what measure in the atmosphere?
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
What economic tool charges emitters for each tonne of CO₂ they release, encouraging lower emissions?
Carbon Tax
Which sphere consists of the layer of gases surrounding Earth?
Atmosphere
Deforestation reduces what important carbon‑sink process?
Photosynthesis
Rising sea levels are caused by the thermal expansion of water and by _______.
Melting Ice Sheets and Glaciers
The expansion of disease‑carrying insects into new regions is an example of what type of climate impact?
Health risk/Vector‑borne disease
Capturing and storing carbon underground is referred to as _____?
Carbon Sink
A city installing a network of bike paths and promoting public transport is pursuing what type of climate strategy?
Sustainable transport/Urban adaptation
When water vapor rises into the atmosphere from the ocean, it is interaction between the hydrosphere and which other sphere?
Atmosphere
Increased concentration of methane in the atmosphere primarily comes from livestock, landfills and what other human activity?
Fossil-Fuel Extraction/Coal Mining/Gas Leaks
What do rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and increased frequency of extreme weather events all provide evidence for?
Climate Change
The loss of permafrost releases which potent greenhouse gas previously trapped in frozen soils?
Methane
Adjusting farming practices (e.g., drought‑resistant crops) to deal with changed rainfall patterns is an example of what kind of adaptation?
Agricultural Adaptation
What mechanism allows countries with low emissions to sell surplus emission allowances to others with higher emissions under some frameworks?
Emissions trading system (ETS) / Carbon trading