SIS
What is the variable that a researcher manipulates in an experiment?
Independent Variable (IV)
What is it called when people adjust their behaviour to match a group?
Conformity
Which psychologist discovered classical conditioning through experiments with dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
What is it called when variables are defined in specific, measurable terms?
Operationalisation
In Milgram’s experiment, what percentage of participants delivered the maximum 450-volt shock?
65%
Give an example of positive reinforcement.
Any correct example, e.g., receiving praise for completing homework
In an experiment on the effect of music on study performance, identify one extraneous variable.
Lighting, fatigue, prior knowledge, or noise level (any correct example)
What type of social influence explains why people conform because they believe others are 'right'?
Informational Social Influence
Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat. What principle explains why he also feared rabbits?
Stimulus Generalisation
Explain why a double-blind procedure is used in research.
To reduce bias from both participants and researchers
Name the three components of the ABC model of attitudes.
Affective, Behavioural, Cognitive
What are the three steps of systematic desensitisation?
Relaxation training, creating an anxiety hierarchy, gradual exposure paired with relaxation
A study finds that the mean stress score = 40, but scores range from 5 to 80. What measure of dispersion shows how spread out the scores are?
Standard Deviation
Compare compliance, identification, and internalisation as types of conformity.
Compliance = public change only, short-term; Identification = change in presence of admired group, mid-term; Internalisation = private and permanent change, long-term
Differentiate between negative reinforcement and punishment.
Negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus to increase behaviour; punishment decreases behaviour by adding or removing a stimulus