Battle of Hastings
In which month and year was the Battle of Hastings fought?
October 1066
Name THREE important natural features of the European landscape:
- Rivers
- Mountains
- Fertile Plains
- Forrests
Which type of service did knights and vassals commonly provide to their lords?
Military service
Which term describes a poor medieval farmer who was legally tied to the land?
Serf
Which group performed most of the agricultural labour on medieval manors?
Peasants and serfs
Name the THREE key individuals involved in the Norman Conquest.
Edward the Confessor, William of Normandy and Harold Godwinson
What THREE benefits did RIVERS provide to medieval European settlements?
- water
- fertile soil/ supported agriculture
- transport for medieval settlements
Why did medieval kings grant land to powerful lords?
To gain loyalty, military support and assistance governing their kingdoms
Which term describes land granted by a lord in exchange for service?
Fief
Which TWO religions had the greatest influence in medieval times?
Christianty and Islam
When was William of Normandy offically crown king?
25 December 1066
What THREE benefits did MOUNTAINS provide to medieval European settlements?
- Protection
- Resources
- Water
- Natural border
A vassal provides military service, but the lord refuses to provide protection. Which side has failed to meet its feudal obligations?
A person receives land and promises loyalty and service to a lord. Which feudal role has this person accepted?
Vassal
Which promise connected a vassal to a lord?
An oath of loyalty
What TWO significant changes did William make to England (e.g. what did he introduce that changed society).
- Introduced French speaking elite
- Introduced Feudalism
What THREE benefits did FORESTS provide to medieval European settlements?
- Timber
- Fuel
- Food
How did castles help Norman lords control their land and population?
Castles protected Norman soldiers, intimidated local people and controlled important routes.
Which term describes the Christian lands and communities of medieval Europe?
Christendom
How could control of a river crossing increase a medieval lord’s wealth and power?
The lord could control movement, protect trade and collect tolls from travellers and merchants.
Describe why there was conflict over the throne of England.
Answer should include:
- Edward the Confessor died without an heir
- Harold Godwinson and William of Normandy both claimed they had been named heir
- Harold took the throne in January 1066
Explain one way feudal relationships created stability and one way they could cause conflict.
Mutual obligations provided land, protection and military support, but broken promises or competing loyalties could cause conflict.
Which term describes a relationship in which both sides exchange duties and benefits?
Reciprocity