George Washington
What did George Washington’s actions and policies strengthen?
the federal government
What are the three branches of government and who is charge of each one?
Legislative - Congress
Executive - President and his cabinet
Judicial - Supreme Court
What was the problem with land in the U.S after the creation of the United States and did the government come up with as a solution to the problem?
Problem: Many states made claims to the western lands
Solution to the Problem: All states agreed to cede (give) their claims to Congress, so Congress can sell the land for the good of the country
What is manifest destiny?
the belief that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean, “obvious fate” to settle land in order to spread democracy.
Which two people led revolts against white slave owners?
Denmark Vesey
Nat Turner
What is the name for presidential advisors that consult with the President of the U.S?
cabinet
What is another name for the Necessary and Proper Clause and what is the purpose of this clause?
The Elastic Clause - A clause within the United States Constitution that grants Congress the power to pass whatever laws are deemed “necessary and proper” to help Congress to carry out the enumerated powers
What was the purpose of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States
Why was the Erie Canal so important?
The canal provided the first important link between the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes.
What was a result of the revolts that happened against the white slave owners?
Southern states panicked and passed more strict laws for blacks.
Give one example of how Washington proved the federal government to be more powerful than state or local interests
When he put down the Whiskey Rebellion
Who were the Midnight Judges?
Federalist judges appointed by John Adams in the final hours of his presidency
When the population was able to reache 5,000, what were adult males in the area allowed to do?
a.elect it’s own legislature.
b.send non-voting members to Congress.
How did the Erie Canal help settlers?
The Erie Canal helped thousands of settlers make their way west to start new lives.
What was the Underground Railroad and who were the "Conductors?"
secret network of people provided transportation and safe houses where runaways could hide.
“Conductors” - guides risked their lives to help escaping slaves travel to freedom.
During George Washington's farewell address what two pieces of advice did he give the U.S moving forward?
he advised the U.S. to avoid permanent alliances with foreign countries
to practice neutrality
Which court case gave the supreme court the power of Judicial Review, and explain what Judicial Review is:
Marbury vs. Madison
Supreme Court’s ability to declare a law or act unconstitutional
When the population was able to reach 60,000, what were adult males in the area allowed to do?
a.can write a state constitution and apply for statehood.
b.If Congress approves the state Constitution that area will become a state.
Why was building the Erie canal such a challenge?
there were very few engineers in the United States with any experience in designing canals and they had to learn along the way
What were two strategies the Underground Railroad used in order to not get caught?
Used signals and codes to alert travelers of safety and danger.
Secret codes in songs and quilts helped give directions to freedom.
Name three important accomplishments of George Washington's presidency and explain each one:
Proclamation of Neutrality - US would stay out of foreign conflicts
Pinckney’s Treaty - expansion through agreements with European countries
The Treaty of Greenville - US would take Native American land by whatever means necessary
Name three cases in the Supreme Court that strengthened the powers of the national government over state governments and explain what was the outcome of each case:
Marbury vs. Madison - Court ruled that they could not force the President to make an appointment – ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional
McCulloch vs. Maryland - The national bank was immune to state taxation
Gibbons vs. Ogden - Rules that Congress can legislate and regulate all matters of interstate commerce and a state can only regulate commerce within its own borders
What rights were guaranteed once statehood was approved?
Rights Guaranteed:
1.Trial by jury
2.Public education
3.Freedom of religion
4.Prohibition of slavery
Name at least 3 way the U.S expanded their territory
Louisiana Purchase from France
Spain gave Florida to the U.S. in exchange for $5 million and control of Texas.
Oregon Country split with Britain
War with Mexico to gain Texas
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico gave the U.S. the territories of California, Nevada and Utah, most of Arizona and New Mexico, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
Gadsden Purchase - US paid $10 million for the southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico.
What was the most famous piece of Civil War-era literature and why?
a book called Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Opened people’s eyes to the brutalities of Slavery