Transcription
what is transcription
The first step of gene expression is a segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase
what is translation
translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins
when was dna first found?
1953
what is the structure of DNA
A double helix (twisted ladder)
what is dna replication?
the process of making identical copies of DNA before cell division
what is RNA polymerase?
The enzyme that polymerizes RNA by using DNA as a template
how many amino acids are there?
20
who founded dna?
James Watson and Francis Crick
what are the 3 things that make up a nucleotide?
phosphate, sugar, and a base
what does the helicase do?
unzips the dna
what is the mRNA?
RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
what do nucleotides code for?
amino acids
who won the noble peace prize?
Francis Crick and James Watson
what bonds with adenine in dna?
thymine
is a hydrogen bond weak or strong?
weak
what is tRNa?
Transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
what molecules carry the codons?
mRNA
who discovered the structure of dna through an x-ray?
Rosalind Franklin
what bonds with guanine?
cytosine
what is the 5' to 3'?
the leading strand
what is a codon?
Three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid.
what is the site of protein synthesis?
ribosomes
why wasn't Rosalind Franklin involved in the noble peace prize?
she died before it was given
what is dna ligase?
enzyme which connects the individual okazaki fragments on the lagging strand by forming covalent bonds
what is the dna polymerase?
Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule