Cell Structure, Chemistry, and Function
The function of ribosomes.
Where protein synthesis occurs
The empty space/cavity that holds bone cells and cartilage cells
Lacunae
The hollow ball of cells that forms from cell cleavage of the zygote.
Blastula
A group that includes an ancestor and some but not all of its descendants
Paraphyletic
The flagellated cell that aids in Porifera digestion.
Choanocyte
How many covalent bonds does Oxygen form?
2
Tissue type that is found in the collecting tubules of the kidney.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Type of development when a larva has to metamorphosize into an adult.
Indirect development
A shared derived character
Synapomorphy
Pores on sponges in which water enters.
Ostia
Element found in proteins and nucleic acids but not lipids or carbohydrates
Nitrogen
The muscle tissues that are striated
Cardiac, Skeletal
If you have a mesolecithal egg, will it go through holoblastic or meroblastic cleavage?
Holoblastic
What are the three necessary conditions for natural selection to occur?
Organisms must vary, Variation must be heritable, Some variations make an organism more likely to survive and reproduce.
What are the names of the specialized Cnidarian cells and the stinging organelles inside of them?
Cell: Cnidocyte, Organelle: Nematocyst
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
It describes the flow of genetic information in cells. DNA>RNA>Proteins; DNA Replication>Transcription>Translation
Name the three muscle tissue types and state which are voluntary and which are involuntary.
Skeletal (voluntary), Cardiac (involuntary), Smooth (involuntary)
The number of spermatozoa that form from a single secondary spermatocyte.
2
Describe adaptive radiation and give an example.
When many species evolve from a common ancestor, yet have very different lifestyles. Ex: Darwin’s finches, Cichlid fishes of African lakes
What is the sister group of Metazoa?
Choanoflagelletes
Explain the process of protein synthesis including the terms: DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, and codon.
It begins with transcription, DNA copies into mRNA, mRNA goes to a ribosome for translation. The mRNA’s nucleotide sequence codes for an amino acid sequence (3 nucleotides form a codon coding for 1 amino acid), tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome.
Give three examples of epithelial tissues and where each are found in the body.
Simple squamous (alveoli of lungs), Stratified squamous (skin), Simple Cuboidal (kidneys), Simple columnar (small intestine)
Describe the difference between mosaic and regulative development and which one shows “cytoplasmic determinants” and which one is influenced by “induction”
Mosaic- blastomere fate influenced by cytoplasmic determinants; if blastomeres are separated, development stops. Regulative- blastomere fate is influenced by induction (influence of one tissue on fate of another); if blastomeres are separated, multiple embryos form.
State the Linnean hierarchy of classification
KPCOFGS
Name the stages for the life cycle of Aurelia
Zygote>Planula larva>Scyphistoma>Early strobila>Strobila>Ephyra>Medusa