Fertilization
Embryology
Learning
Behavior
Ecology 1
100
What are the two types of fertilization?
Internal fertilization and External fertilization
100
Cleavage transforms a zygote into a.... a. blastula b. gastrula c. neurula d. stem cell
a. blastula
100
A child is no longer afraid of the dark because night after night nothing bad has happened. Which type of learning is this an example of?
Habituation
100
What is the purpose of play for animals?
Training for life.
100
As energy travels through an ecosystem some of that energy is _________.
Lost
200
What is the scientific term used for a fertilized egg?
Zygote
200
During cleavage the cells divide but do not __________. Is mitosis or meiosis occuring at this stage?
Grow; mitosis
200
If you place a rat in a box with two levers one that gives negative reinforcement: shock and one that gives positive reinforcement: food. The rat learns to press one lever and not the other. What type of conditioning is this? Who's experiment is this?
Operant conditioning. B.F. Skinner
200
Which type of behavior is something an animal is born knowing how to do?
Instinctive or Innate behavior.
200
Give an example of 1 biotic factor in a desert ecosystem. Give an example of 1 abiotic factor in a desert ecosystem.
Biotic: living organism; Abiotic: non-living thing.
300
Which type of fertilization is limited to animals in aquatic environments?
External Fertilization
300
During which stage does the blastula turn into a gastrula? The three germ layers of the gastrula are known as the __________ layers.
Gastrulation; Germ layers
300
Which type of behavior includes both learned and innate components and has a sensitive period?
Imprinting
300
Which of the following would be an example of an external stimulus? a. hunger b. fatigue c. smell d. hormones
c. smell
300
All of the animals in a small forrest represent a _____________ while all of the rainbow trout represent a ____________.
Community, population
400
What stage of embryology occurs before fertilization? What occurs during this stage?
Gametogenesis. Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are created. (meiosis)
400
Name the three layers of the gastrula and where they are located.
Ectoderm: outside; Mesoderm: middle; Endoderm: inside
400
Describe the difference between insight learning and latent learning.
Insight learning involves cognitive (thinking) processes to figure out a situation and realize "all of a sudden" the answer to a problem. Latent learning is learned by doing or watching something, but not actually using what was learned until later on.
400
What is the scientific term for the animal that is the leader of a population? What role does that animal play in the population?
Alpha. Protector and more likely to reproduce.
400
Describe the difference between scavengers, decomposers, and detritovores.
Scavengers eat dead organisms. Decomposers start decomposing the remains left by scavengers. Detritovores feed on already decomposing material left by deomposers.
500
Explain which type of fertilization produces more sperm and eggs and why it is nescessary. Explain which type of fertilization produces less sperm and eggs and why it is nescessary.
More: External fertilization- because the gametes and fertilized eggs are exposed to the environment and could be eaten or destroyed. Less: Internal fertilization- because the male and female are able to protect their gametes during fertilization and protect the embryo during development.
500
List, in order, the five stages of embryology.
Gametogenesis, Fertilization, Cleavage, Gastrulation, Organogenesis.
500
Explain, in detail, Ivan Pavlov's experiment. Is this an example of classical conditioning or operant conditioning?
A dog will salivate when it sees food. Ring a bell and the dog does nothing. Ring a bell and show the dog food, the dog will salivate because of the food. Repeat this process. Eventually, the dog will hear the bell ring and salivate because it has associated bell rining with food. Classical conditioning.
500
Describe the difference between monogamous, polygynous, and polyandrous relationships.
Monogamous: one male one female mates for life. Polygynous: one male mates with many females. Polyandrous: one female mates with many males.
500
Draw the following on the white board: A four step energy pyramid with the following organisms: fox, grass, panther, rabbit. Identify the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer. Circle the organism that would give the most energy when eaten.
Bottom to top: Producer: grass, Primary consumer: rabbit, Secondary consumer: fox, Tertiary consumer: panther. The grass would give the most energy.
M
e
n
u