Porifera Basics
Are sponges diploblastic or triploblastic?
Diploblastic
How many species of cnidaria have been discovered?
14,515
This type of cell uses a flagellum to pump water through the sponge and it uses a collar to trap particles for digestion.
Choanocytes
A group of sponges is known as...
A colony!
This class of cnidaria includes box jellyfish with a cube-shaped bell.
Cubuzoa
Which structure in cnidaria is responsible for breaking down of food, absorption of nutrients, and diffusion of gases?
the gastrovascular cavity
True or false: Cnidarians are neither protostomes nor deuterostomes.
True
What type of symmetry do sponges have?
Asymmetry
Choose the correct answers:
Cnidaria are diploblastic/triploblastic and have radial symmetry/asymmetry.
1. diploblastic
2. radial symmetry
What are used to help cnidarians capture and immobilize prey? They are used to stop an organism's heart and nervous system.
Cnidocytes.
Are cnidarians classified as carnivores, omnivores, or herbivores?
Carnivores
Staurozoa
True or false: Cnidaria have the ability to reproduce sexually and asexually, but porifera can only reproduce asexually.
FALSE- they both can do both!
Water moves into the sponge through its ______ . Then it travels through the spongocoel and then out the ______.
1. Ostia
2. Osculum
Are sponges protostomes, deuterostomes, or neither?
NEITHER
What does the phylum name "cnidaria" mean?
This type of cell creates the soft, fibrous framework found in many sponges. Helps gives bath sponges their texture!
Spongocyte
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This class of sponges includes encrusting sponges and sponges with small, simple silica spicules...
Homoscleromorpha
Describe how sponges reproduce by budding.
Sponges reproduce by budding, a form of asexual reproduction, by growing a new, genetically identical individual as an outgrowth on the parent's body
Cnidarians are about ______ years old based on fossil evidence.
580 million
True or false: Sponges lack tissues and organs
True!
What are the two body plans of cnidarians? Which is (mostly) sessile and which is free-swimming?
Polyp- sessile
What is the layer of cells that lines the gastrovascular cavity in a cnidaria?
Endoderm
List 4 roles of sponges on their ecosystem.
-filter water
-recycle organic matter
-Shelter other organisms
-food source for Hawksbill turtles and other fish
-various symbiotic relationships
This class of cnidaria includes the Portuguese man o' war and hydra, and includes medusa forms with a velum beneath the margin of the bell.
Hydrozoa
What serves as a gelatinous matrix that houses various sponge cells and provides structural support?
The mesohyl
True or false: cnidarians are usually hermaphrodites.
False- sponges are!
Where would you not find a living sponge? Why?
On land...they need water flow to survive!
False- true tissues only!
True or false: cnidarians have a simple brain.
False- they have nerve nets and a simple nervous system with clusters of sensory cells and others that allow for some movement.
List 4 roles that cnidaria have in their ecosystems.
- carnivores- so act as predators
-food source for others
- Corals create carbonate skeletons to form coral reefs!
-reefs support 25% of all marine species and protect coastlines
-medicine and food for people
-involved in many symbiotic relationships
This class of sponges has spicules made of calcium carbonate in their “skeleton” and can only survive in shallow, marine waters.
Calcarea
What structure anchors a hydra (cnidarian) to the ground?
Basal disk
How many species of cnidarians live in the freshwater of North America?
10 species.