European Colonization
What were the effects of Spanish colonization?
-Influenced European conquest in the Americas and the Columbian Exchange
-Increased European rivalry towards Spain
What was indentured servitude?
Migrants who could not afford passage to the Americas so they became indentured servants to masters for a couple of years who paid their trip; often were mistreated used for plantation work and precursor to slavery and were not able to marry
What were women's roles and experiences in the New England, Middle, and South colonies?
Most women took care of the household, deferred to their husbands, took care of the children (usually stayed at home)
Middle: More gender equality (in Pennsylvania as some women became ministers)
South: It was desired that women cultivated gentility where they had refinement and emulated the English elite
What were the Restoration Colonies?
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware (Middle Colonies); given away by King Charles I to friends/family to expand English power (proprietorships)
Who were the Anglicans?
People who followed the Anglican Church (Church of England)
What are mestizos?
What was the Columbian Exchange and its positive + negative effects?
-People of mixed Spanish and Latin American origin
-Creates contact between New and Old World; an exchange of people, diseases, crops, diseases between both worlds
Pros: Europe gained a multitude of crops which increased their population and benefitted their eceonomy
Cons: Natives suffer from Old World diseases due to a lack of immunity and their population is devasted
What were the goals of people who settled in Jamestown?
-Expected tribute from the Natives
-Finding gold
What were the demographics (groups of people) who lived in the New England, Middle, and South colonies?
New England: Puritans, Pilgrims
Middle: Quakers, people with different ethnicities (English, German, Scot-Irish, Dutch) and religions (diverse)
South: Landowners, wealthy elite, farmers, indentured servants, slaves (hierarchal)
Who was William Penn?
Founded Pennsylvania for religious tolerance/freedom and wanted to build a loose society of fairness, justice, equality
What caused Bacon's Rebellion?
-Bacon's desire for Indian lands and attacked Indians for their land (contradicted Berkeley to keep peace with Natives)
-Angered by falling tobacco prices, political corruption, taxations, disregard for yeomen (dissatisfaction with government)
What was the encomienda system?
-Spanish labor system that demanded labor and goods from their colonies (or Indians) after Moctezuma was defeated by Cortes
What conflict did settlers in Jamestown had with the Natives?
Indian War 1622; caused from the increase of English migrants where Opechancanough led an attack against the English; in result, James I made Virginia a royal colony- where its foundations (institutions, elected assembly, established Anglican Church) was used as model for English royal colonies
What were the religions (groups of people) in the New England, Middle, and South colonies?
New England: Puritanism
Middle: Quakers, Catholics (most religious tolerance)
South: Anglican
What were the characteristics of the religious society of friends (Quakers)?
-Tolerated other religions, a Christian movement devoted to peace, believed men/women were spiritual equals, did not believe in officials
What were the effects of Bacon's Rebellion?
-The wealthy elite gave privileges/jobs to poor white colonists and enacted reforms. However, this caused a class/race divide between white colonists and enslaved blacks
Daily Double
What was New Amsterdam/New York?
What was Currier Dubois?
-New Amsterdam was initially a Dutch colony that succeeded in trade but not in settlement due to its small population; strained relations led to war and the Dutch abandoning the colony- which allowed the English to easily conquer the colony and rename it to New York
-Currier Dubois is to refer to the good trading relations the French had with the Indians; or French traders themselves
What were the economic structures in Jamestown?
Cash crops (tobacco) that created a plantation society where merchants or landowners would use indentured servants to work on their land
What was economy and the labor sources in the New England, Middle, and South colonies?
New England: commerce, manufacturing; farmers
Middle: agriculture, cash crops; farmers, some slave labor and indentured servitude
South: cash crops, plantations; indentured servants, mostly slave labor
What were the religious structures in the Restoration Colonies?
-Religious tolerance which attracted many migrants in hope of religious freedom
Who made up of Nathaniel Bacon's followers during Bacon's Rebellion?
-Yeomen, indentured servants, slaves, farmers (usually of lower status)
Dutch/English/French/Spanish goals and treatment of Natives in the Americas
Dutch: fur trade; mostly good business relations with the Natives
English: land/agriculture/trade/profit; strained relationships and wanted their land
French: fur trade (mostly), evangelism; good business relations with the Natives
Spanish: land/profit (encomienda), evangelism; disregarded the Natives and wanted to convert them into Catholicism and their land
What were the social and political structures in Jamestown?
Social: The headright system (50 acres to someone who can bring an immigrant/indentured servant over) allowed landowners or merchants to own large amounts of land; the colony consisted mostly of exploited indentured servants (hierarchal)
Political: (royal colony after Indian War of 1622); elected House of Burgesses that made laws; residents needed to pay taxes to the Anglican clergy
What were the societal structures in the New England, Middle, and South colonies?
New England: legislatures had the majority of power
Middle: allowed all property owning men to vote and hold office
South: hierarchal
What were the social and political structures of the Restoration Colonies?
Religious freedom, did not allow a legally established church, political equality by allowing property owning men to vote and hold office (Pennsylvania)
Were proprietorships (land given grantees by the king where grantees could rule as they please; king refused to allow an elective assembly in New York)
What were the followers of Nathaniel Bacon angry or unsatisfied about?
Angered by falling tobacco prices, political corruption (most power was distributed to the Virginia wealthy elite), taxations, disregard for yeomen (dissatisfaction with government)