Symptoms
Heat Cramps
Move the patient to a cool, shady place, provide salted water or a commercial electrolyte, massage the cramped area, apply some pressure to the cramped area, but stop if it makes the patient more uncomfortable, apply moist towels to the patient’s forehead and the cramped muscle, if symptoms worsen, immediately transport the person to a medical care facility
What should you not do to a frostbitten body part?
Massage the body part
Frost Bite
turns red to white and waxy, numbness in affected area
4 Treatments of heat exhaustion
Move the patient to a cool, shady place and keep him at rest, remove enough clothing to cool (not chill) the patient, fan the patient’s skin to promote sweat evaporation, if the patient is conscious, provide salted water or a commercial electrolyte, treat for shock and transport the patient to a medical care facility
What types of coats are bad to wear when attempting to avouid cold weather injuries
Rubber/vinyl
Uncontrollable shivering, numbness, drowsiness, slow pulse and breathing rate, glassy stare, unconsciousness
All treatments of heat stroke
Remove the person from any heat sources and remove clothing, if possible immerse the patient in cool water, or use cold wet towels or ice packs in the patient’s armpits, groin, under neck and behind knees, treat for shock and transport the patient to a medical care facility
What is the layer principle
Several loose layers of clothing keep a person warmer than one bulky item of clothing. The multiple layers trap warm air pockets, which help maintain a uniform body temperature. As you exert yourself and begin heating up, remove layers as needed. Put them back on as you cool down. Layers can include underwear, socks, thermal underwear, sweater or sweatshirt, uniform, field jacket liner, field jacket, knit hat, glove liners and gloves.
Heat Stroke
Dry/hot skin, dilated pupils, possible unconsciousness, seizures, and muscular twitching, deep breathing becoming progressively shallower, a rapid/strong pulse becoming weaker
All treatments of frostbite
Warm the affected area using body heat. Hands and feet can be placed in another team member’s armpit for warmth. Patient will probably sense tingling or burning in the affected area as it is re-warmed.
If the skin is wet, it will lose heat BLANK times faster than if it is dry.
Twenty
Heat exhaustion
Rapid and shallow breathing, weak pulse, cold and clammy skin, heavy perspiration, weakness and dizziness that may lead to unconsciousness
All treatment steps for hypothermia (early stage)
Keep patient warm and dry, remove wet clothing
On a hot summer day, drink BLANK-BLANK quarts a day or BLANK quart(s) an hour
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