Biomolecules 1
What are the four biomolecules found in living things.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What is a polymer?
Several monomers (specifically two or more, but its ok if you say several) bonded together.
What is the most basic unit of life?
Cells.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
After food molecules pass through the esophagus, what are the two main organs involved in digestion?
Stomach and small intestine.
What are the two functions of carbohydrates in cells?
1. A quick source of energy
2. Provide the cell with structure
Identify the atoms that make up each of the four biomolecules.
Carbs: CHO
Lipids: CHO
Proteins: CHON
Nucleic Acids: CHONP
What is the name of the cell structure that holds all the cell structures together in the cell.
Cytoplasm
Identify two molecules BESIDES monomers that can move through the cell membrane.
CO2, O2, H20
Identify the matter reactants and products of the digestion of a lipid.
Reactants: Lipids and water
Products: Fatty acids and glycerol
How are the monomers of proteins different than the monomers of lipids?
Proteins: Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Lipids: Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What biomolecule is represented by drawing three or more hexagons bonded together?
Carbohydrate
What is the function of the ribosomes and where are they located in the cell?
Function = Produce proteins
Location = Cytoplasm
What is meant by "selectively permeable"?
Only some molecules can pass through the membrane while others cannot.
What form(s) of energy go into and out of the digestion of a protein?
Where is this energy found before and after the reaction. *Be as specific as possible!
Before: Chemical in the C-C, C-H bonds of the protein polymer
After: Chemical in the C-C, C-H bonds of the amino acid monomers.
What type of biomolecule are enzymes and what is their purpose in the body?
A serving size of potato chips is 100 grams. There are 10 grams of fat, 15 grams of carbohydrates, and 2 grams of protein. What percentage of a potato cell is mad up of water?
73%
What biomolecule is found in the nucleus? How does this allow the nucleus to do it's job?
Nucleic Acid (DNA acceptable)
DNA has the blueprints/ instructions for the cell to function. This give the nucleus the info to control the cell.
Describe the structure of the phospholipid bilayer, including which parts are hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
Phospholipids are made up of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails. The heads face away from each other and are along the extracellular and intracellular parts. The tails face towards each other in between the heads.
What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?
Continues to break down food into monomers and absorbs monomers so they can go into the bloodstream.
How are fiber/ cellulose polymers different than starch polymers? How does this explain why they cannot be digested by humans.
There are special "strong bonds" between the glucose monomers in fiber/cellulose. Humans do not have the enzymes to break them down.
When bears prepare to hibernate for winter, they eat a lot of food and add more fat to their bodies. What is the purpose of this extra fat/lipids while the bear is hibernating?
Insulation/ warmth and long term energy storage.
What is the role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in the cell?
Production and folding of proteins (rough ER) and lipid production and storage (Smooth ER).
Explain the differences between active and passive transport.
Active - Requires energy because moving against the concentration gradient.
Passive - Does not require energy because moves with the concentration gradient.
What is the role of water in digestion? After digestion, where do these atoms go?
It is a reactant used to break the bonds between the monomers of a polymer. The H atoms and OH groups bond to the monomers.