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What is the definition of an atom?
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element
What are the three subatomic particles of an atom?
What is the atomic number of an element?
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, and it determines the identity of an element
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a charged particle.
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
An ionic bond occurs when one atom transfers electrons to another, creating oppositely charged ions that attract each other. A covalent bond occurs when two atoms share electrons.
What is a periodic table?
The periodic table is an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number, where elements with similar chemical properties are grouped into columns (groups).
What are the noble gases?
The noble gases are the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table
What is an acid?
An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water, making the solution acidic.
What is a base?
A base is a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water, making the solution basic or alkaline.
What is the pH scale?
The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. It ranges from 0 (strongly acidic) to 14 (strongly basic), with 7 being neutral.
What is the mole in chemistry?
One mole is equivalent to 6.022 × 10²³ particles
What is the molecular formula of water?
The molecular formula of water is H₂O
What is the symbol for the element sodium?
Na
What do we call the horizontal rows in the periodic table?
periods
Which element has the atomic number 1?
Hydrogen
What is the pH value of a neutral substance?
7
What is the chemical formula for table salt?
NaCl (sodium chloride)
What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared between two atoms?
covalent bond
What is the atomic mass of oxygen?
The atomic number of oxygen is 16
What is the process by which a solid turns into a liquid?
melting
What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
This forms an ionic bond.
What is the process by which a liquid turns into a gas at temperatures below its boiling point?
evaporation
What is the name of the gas that plants release during photosynthesis?
oxygen (O₂)
Which metal is used in thermometers due to its liquid state at room temperature?
Mercury Hg
What is the pH range for a basic (alkaline) solution?
7-14