Chap. 1 Origin of the Ocean
How old is Earth?
4.6 billion years old
What feature distinguishes a guyot from a seamount?
a flat top
What sediment has the the longest settling time?
Clay
The negative effects of ocean acidification can improve through the limiting of our __________________ emissions.
Carbon
Which gas comprises 20.9% of Earth's atmosphere?
Oxygen
Planet building occurs through _____ - the clumping of small particles into larger masses.
accretion
_______ lie between the continental margins and the oceanic ridges.
Abyssal plains
Most marine sediments are composed of what size of particles?
Sand, silt, and clay
The ocean’s salinity is about ____ by mass.
3.5%
Earth’s Ocean and atmosphere are ___________________ heated by the sun.
Unevenly
What created Earth's moon?
Ejection of material from a collision with a smaller planet
Hydrothermal vents typically form chimneys of _____.
mineral deposits
Exposure of an area to waves, tides, and currents will lead to __________.
Well-sorted sediments
The most abundant dissolved gas in the ocean is _____.
Nitrogen
What is responsible for the Coriolis effect?
Earth's rotation
The water for Earth’s ocean originated from ____.
volcanic activity and comets
What geological feature is often found at active margins?
Subduction zone
______ sediments are mostly eroded from land.
Netric
What is the primary source of sodium ions in the ocean?
Weathering of crustal rocks
The deflection of objects in different hemispheres is called the ____________________
Coriolis effect
Through gravitational compression, Earth’s layers were formed by the process of ____.
density stratification
Most geologists believe that submarine canyons have been formed by ____.
turbidity currents
The rate of sediment _________________ is not consistent throughout the ocean.
Deposition
What is the colligative property that deals with the freezing point of water?
Salinity disrupts the hydrogen bonding in water
Which gas is abundant near the ocean surface due to the photosynthesis activities of plants?
Oxygen