Ecological
Hypotheses
Hypotheses
This is the keystone predator hypothesis.
What is the ecological hypothesis for species richness that describes an increase in species due to a keystone predator freeing up space within a niche by preferentially feeding on a competitive dominant?
This is what a species accumulation curve shows.
What is:
The number of individuals observed on the x axis vs. the cumulative number of species on the y axis.
This is the experiment where two species were unable to coexist in a flask in a lab, even after sand was added to generate niche differentiation, which indicated that there must be something happening in nature (outside of intrinsic pred/prey interaction) that allows predators and prey to exist
What is Gausse's experiments with protozoans
This is the definition of bottom-up control
What is:
when an individual of a higher trophic level controls or affects population sizes of lower trophic levels
This is the name of your SI leader
What is Liv?
This is the habitat diversity hypothesis.
What is the hypothesis for species richness/diversity that describes the fact that greater habitat complexity(more different habitats), results in more different niches being available, results in more species being able to coexist?
These are non-consumptive effects of predators on prey.
What is migration, reduced feeding, and reduced copulation
This is an example of an ephemeral (transient/temporary) escape in space
What is Huffaker's experiment on citrus mites?
This is the definition for a metapopulation
What is a set of habitat patches connected by migration (related to an ephemeral escape in space)
This is the instrument Dr. Gotelli plays with his music group
What is the guitar?
This is the productivity hypothesis.
What is the hypothesis for species diversity that describes how increasing biomass and species richness at the bottom of the food chain, increases species diversity at higher levels?
These are the three evolutionary explanations as to why so many species may have evolved in the tropics.
1. Small population sizes
2. High metabolic rates
3. Higher levels of UV radiation
This is one example of a trophic cascade and its effect. (4 possibilities)
What is:
- presence of sea otters--> increase in fish diversity
- presence of African elephants --> savanna landscape
- presence of invasive ants --> decrease in canopy trees
- reintroduction of wolves in yellowstone --> increase in vegetation
- decrease in blue crabs --> increased erosion
This is the definition for the competition-colonization trade off.
The idea that if a species is a good colonizer, it is a poor competitor, and if a species is a good competitor, it is a poor colonizer.
This is the cover image of the brightspace page.
What is Dr. Gotelli's chow chow?
This is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis.
What is the hypothesis for species richness that describes how species richness is highest at intermediate time intervals between disturbances because the area will be colonized by both species that are good colonizers but poor competitors and species that are poor colonizers but good competitors.
These are the five assumptions of the MacArthur-Wilson model.
What is:
1. Source pool of P mainland species with persistent populations
2. Probability of colonization is inversely related to distance/isolation from the source pool
3. probability of extinction on an island is inversely related to population size.
4. Population size is proportional to island area
5. colonizations and extinctions of species on islands are independent of one another.
This is what the dart board analogy represents.
What is the random sampling hypothesis-- that larger areas will, by chance, accumulate more individuals and thus have a greater number of different species.
This is the definition for the non-equilibrium hypothesis of species diversity.
What is:
Related to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. It comes from the fact that if we left the system alone or undisturbed, species diversity would actually continue to decrease.
This is the color/design of Dr. Gotelli's shirt today
These are the three parts of the niche adjustment hypotheses.
What are the 3 ways we can get more species to coexist in a niche:
a) expanding the resource axis
b) increase resource specialization
c) Increase tolerance of niche Overlap
This variable represents the slope of the graph of log(S) vs. log (A), as seen in the equation for Darlington's rule.
What is z?
This is an example of a random predator.
What is the Addicott experiment on mosquito larvae in pitcher plants.
This is the definition of Darlington's rule
What is:
for oceanic islands, each 10x increase in island area leads to a doubling of species richness
This is the title of three different songs played in the beginning of class in the past three weeks.