Pharm
Seizures
Brain Tumors
Congenital Disorders
Movement Disorders
100
This drug is co-administered with levodopa in Parkinson disease to inhibit peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine, reducing nausea and increasing CNS availability.
What is Carbidopa
100
What type of seizure is characterized by bouts of laughing/giggling without other convulsive seizures?
What is gelastic seizures
100
This is the most common benign CNS tumor in adults, typically extra-axial and attached to the dura
meningioma
100
Failure of the Neural Tube to close within 4 weeks development occurs due to maternal development occurs due to this deficiency
What is folate deficiency
100
This neurodegenerative disorder presents with resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability due to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
What is Parkinson's disease?
200
This antiepileptic drug is highly teratogenic and classically associated with neural tube defects such as spina bifida.
What is Valproic Acid
200
What is the treatment for absence seizures?
What is ethosuximide
200
These benign peripheral nerve tumors arise from Schwann cells and show Antoni A and Antoni B areas with Verocay bodies on histology.
schwannoma
200
A congenital brain malformation characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, often associated with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus
What is Arnold–Chiari type II malformation?
200
Sudden, brief, shock-like involuntary movements are called this.
What is myoclonus?
300
This medication is the first-line treatment for status epilepticus and works by increasing the frequency of GABA-A chloride channel opening.
What is Lorazepam (Benzodiazepine)
300
What seizure disorder is characterized by a port-wine stain in cranial nerve V1/V2 distribution
What is Sturge-Weber syndrome
300
This pediatric supratentorial tumor originates from Rathke’s pouch remnants and often contains “wet” keratin and calcifications.
What is adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma
300
This sign is a key feature seen on the MRI of young infant with cerebral vermis agenesis that causes enlargement of the posterior fossa.
What is cystic dilation 4th ventricle: Dandy – Walker Malformation
300
This basal ganglia structure degenerates in Huntington's disease.
What is the caudate nucleus?
400
This drug treats malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome by inhibiting calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the ryanodine receptor.
What is Dantrolene
400
What is the EEG hallmark for absence seizures?
What is 3-5 hz spike & dome/wave
400
This malignant CNS tumor shows pseudopalisading necrosis, microvascular proliferation, and can cross the corpus callosum forming a “butterfly lesion.”
What is glioblastoma
400
A mutation in this gene causes an infant to develop cleft palate, hypotelorism. MRI shows this
What is sonic hedgehog gene (SHH)
400
A Parkinson-plus syndrome characterized by early falls and impaired vertical gaze
What is Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?
500
This acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is available as a transdermal patch and is useful in patients with Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson disease dementia.
What is Rivastigmine
500
What mutation is present in Dravet Syndrome?
What is SCN1A gene
500
This autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder involves a mutation in chromosome 22, commonly presents with bilateral vestibular schwannomas, and causes hearing loss.
What is Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)
500
This is the region that is responsible for giving rise to the structure that is in control of our circadian rhythm and sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
What is the diencephalon?
500
What movement disorder is associated with misfolded Alpha-synuclein and visual hallucinations?
What is Dementia with Lewy Bodies