chapter 1
List the types of Microorganisms
1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Fungi
4.Protozoa
5.Algae
6. Viruses
In a ------------ microscope, the image from the objective lens is magnified again by the ocular lens
compound microscope
What are the two types of Glycocalyx and what is its function
Capsule
-Slime layer
Function: contribute to virulence (prevent phagocytosis, helps form biofilms)
What are the factors that influence enzymes
activity?
- Temperature
- pH
- Substrate concentration
- Inhibitors
Define Pasteurization
Pasteurization is the application of a high heat for a short time
Rules of Nomenclature:
1.
2.
1- Italicized or Underlined
2. The genus is capitalized, and the specific epithet is Lowercase.
Staining the background instead of the cell is
called ------
Negative staining
-------- I have a hair like structure and I allow for attachment.
Who am I?
Fimbriae
Types of inhibitors:
1.
2.
1. Competitive inhibitors: bind to the active site
2. Noncompetitive inhibitors: bind to the allosteric site
Define Biofilm? Its Function?
Biofilm: is a matrix formed by bacterial cells which allow them to
attach to surface as well as to other bacterial cells
- Biofilms can cause infections and are often resistant to antibiotics
what did Edward Jenner discovered ?
Inoculated a person with cowpox
virus, who was then protected from smallpox
vaccination
------- is the ability of the lens to distinguish two points
Resolution
Describe Flagella structure and function
Structure: Filaments, Hook, and basal body
Function: Movement (Taxis)
What functions do Fimbriae and pili have?
Fimbriae are used for attachment
- Pili are used for conjugation(DNA transfer) and
motility
------------ I am involved in DNA transfer from one cell to another
Who am I ?
pili
What are Antibiotics?
Who discovered the first antibiotic?
Antibiotics: are chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes
Alexander Fleming
Special Stain is used to
Used to distinguish parts of microorganisms
What is another name of Axial filaments and where do we find them?
Also called endoflagella
- Found in spirochetes
Ask a hard question to the other team, if they won they will take the points, if they dont you will take the points
:)
What does the endosymbiotic theory say?
It states that mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells were once bacteria that were engulfed by larger bacteria.
What does EID Stands Fo
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs): New diseases and
diseases increasing in incidence
What are the types of differential stains? And
the use of each.
A. Gram Stain: Classifies bacteria into gram positive or gram-negative
B. Acid – Fast stain: Binds only to bacteria that have a waxy material in their cell walls, which is not decolorized by acid- alcohol Used for the identification of
- Mycobacterium
- Nocardia
LPS contain:
1.
2.
3.
( hint - O,C,LA)
LPS contain:
1. O polysaccharide antigen
2. Core polysaccharide
3. Lipid A is: an endotoxin embedded in the top layer
Ask a hard question to the other team, if they won they will take the points, if they dont you will take the points
:)
What is the path of the light from bottom to top?
Illuminator
Condenser
Specimen
Objective lens
Ocular lens