Situational Ethics
this is the idea that moral rules depend on the specific context
a) Moral Absolutism
b) Ethical egoism
c) Situational ethics
d) Deontology
c) Situational Ethics
This involves a declaration by offenders that they cannot be held accountable for their actions due to circumstances beyond their control
a) Condemnation of the Condemners
b) Denial of Responsibility
c) Appeal to Higher Loyalties
d) Denial of Injury
b) Denial of Responsibility
According "Situational Ethics and College Student Cheating", students who cheat often employ rationalizations that allow them to redefine their actions in such a way that they don't feel they have committed what type of act?
a) altruistic
b) courageous
c) deviant
d) intelligent
c) deviant
According to the article, it may be useful to further test the prominence of neutralization and other such factors in what kind of university environments?
a) small private colleges
b) large state universities
c) church-related schools
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
According to the situational ethics perspective, what primarily guides ethical decisions?
a) Universal laws
b) Personal feelings
c) Circumstances
d) Religious beliefs
c)circumstances
A student argues that helping a friend is more important than avoiding cheating. According to the techniques of neutralization, which is the student using to justify their behavior?
a) Denial of Victim
b) Appeal to Higher Loyalties
c) Condemnation of the Condemners
d) Denial of Responsibility
b) Appeal to Higher Loyalties
A student says they had to cheat to maintain their scholarship and support their family. This is an example of what technique of neutralization?
a) Condemnation of the Condemners
b) Denial of Injury
c) Denial of Responsibility
d) Appeal to Higher Loyalties
d)Appeal to Higher Loyalties
According to the article, what kind of studies of cheating may also prove useful for identifying social and cultural forces that involve situational ethics and cheating behavior?
a) longitudinal
b) experimental
c) cross-cultural
d) data-analysis
c) cross-cultural
According to Joseph Fletcher, in situational ethics, an action is considered good or bad depending on what?
a) Universal moral principles
b) Religious teachings
c) Social circumstances
d) Legal statutes
c)Social circumstances
This technique involves students shifting focus from their actions by criticizing authority figures, such as teachers, for being unfair or unethical.
a) Condemnation of the Condemners
b) Appeal to Higher Power
c) Denial of Responsibility
d) Claim of Ignorance
a) Condemnation of the Condemners
A student who says they had the flu the week before an exam, missed classes, and didn't know what would be on the exam may use this technique of neutralization:
a) Denial of Responsibility
b) Appeal to Higher Loyalties
c) Condemnation of the Condemners
d) Denial of Injury
a) Denial of Responsibility
According to the article, future researchers may wish to explore the relationship between neutralization and what other factors related to cheating?
a) level of moral development
b) peer influence
c) both a and b
d) neither a or b
c) both a and b
Situational ethics suggests that moral rules should be viewed as what, rather than as fixed laws?
a) Guidelines
b) Commands
c) True
d) Dictates
a)Guidelines
Which technique involves offenders suggesting that their actions caused no real harm?
a) Denial of injury
b) Condemnation of the condemners
c) Appeal to higher loyalties
d) Denial of responsibility
a)Denial of Injury
According to the neutralization theory, individuals justify the violation of accepted behavior by using what to protect themselves from self-blame and the blame of others?
a) denial
b) justification
c) rationalization
d) minimization
b) justification
According to the article, future research could explore the utility of neutralization theory in understanding other forms of what?
a) deviance
b) altruism
c) courage
d) intelligence
a) deviance
What does situational ethics prioritize when resolving ethical dilemmas?
a) Legal precedent
b) The specific context
c) Traditional values
d) Personal feelings
b)The Specific Context
Claiming that helping a friend is more important than following rules is an example of using which technique?
a) Denial of injury
b) Condemnation of the condemners
c) Appeal to higher loyalties
d) Denial of responsibility
c) Appeal to Higher Loyalties
In the context of cheating, students may acknowledge that cheating is generally wrong, but argue that specific circumstances caused them to violate the rules in a particular instance. This aligns with what concept?
a) moral relativism
b) ethical egoism
c) situational ethics
d) ethical absolutism
c) situational ethics
The authors suggest that future studies could focus on the relationship between neutralization techniques and various _____________ variables to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the cheating phenomenon.
a) psychological
b) sociological
c) economic
d) demographic
d) demographic