Primary Survey and 1 General Knowledge
What is the acronym used to describe the initial scene assessment.
Hazards, Environment, Mechanism of Injury, # of Patients
How can we assess someone's signs and or symptoms?
Onset
Provoke
Quality
Radiating
Severity
Time
What is considered low grade hypertension in an average adult?
When systolic exceeds 120-129 and diastolic is less than 80.
Assessing pupils, requires the assessment of these things.
PEARL, size, speed, equality.
What is the requirement for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis?
2 or more systems affected including:
Sudden Skin or Mucosal Symptoms
Hives, itching, Angioedmea
Sudden Respiratory Symptoms
SOB, Wheeze, Cough, Stridor Hypoxemia
Sudden Reduced BP or End Organ Dysfunction
Hypotension, Collapse, Incontinence
Sudden GI Symptoms
Cramps, Abdominal Pain, Vomiting
What is the modified checklist we use before proceeding to secondary survey?
Skin, Collar, Oxygen, Position, Interventions
When documenting medication and ascertaining details, what key pieces of information may be pertinent to the situation at hand.
When do they take it? When did they last take it?
How often?
Do they need to take it now?
Where is it?
In general, what is regarded as hypotensive?
When examining each extremity, what 6 key things do we look out for distally.
Colour, Cap Refill, Warmth, Movement, and Sensation.
CWMS and Pulse.
What are some signs and symptoms of a hemothorax? What is a hemothorax?
Increased RR, SOB, hypoxemia, increased HR, decrease in BP, asymmetrical chest expansion.
When assessing airway, the recommendation is to use specific techniques to maintain and open an airway. What techinque is this and how do you perform it? (demonstrate on a team member).
Head tilt chin lift + jaw thrust.
What are some indications for when a secondary survey might be appropriate.
More than 1 type of injury
Medical help is delayed
Transporting a patient
Write out the full GCS Scale, and act out a response score. (cannot be full response).
4You can open your eyes and keep them open on your own.
3You only open your eyes when someone tells you to do so. Your eyes stay closed otherwise.
2Your eyes only open in response to feeling pressure.
1Your eyes don’t open for any reason.
5You’re oriented. You can correctly answer questions about who you are, where you’re at, the day or year, etc.
4You’re confused. You can answer questions, but your answers show you’re not fully aware of what’s happening.
3You can talk and others can understand words you say, but your responses to questions don’t make sense.
2You can’t talk and can only make sounds or noises.
1You can't speak or make sounds.
6You follow instructions on how and when to move.
5You intentionally move away from something that presses on you.
4You only move away from something pressing on you as a reflex.
3You flex muscles (pull inward) in response to pressure.
2You extend muscles (stretch outward) in response to pressure.
1You don’t move in response to pressure.
Indicate where pulses can be palpated on each extremity and other points.
This condition is known when a partial bone break where the bone cracks on one side only, similar to a green branch bending and breaking, rather than snapping into two pieces.
What is this called? and who is this most common in?
Green stick fractures, children under 10 are most common.
Perform a COMPLETE RBS of a patient.
If missing any component of RBS, competitors will repeat until all items are cleared.
Write out a funny SAMPLE example, if you can make at least one of the NCOs laugh, you get the point.
hehe xd.
A 6-year-old, child comes up to you during a duty, you note during your assessment that the patient has a respiratory rate of 30 and a heart rate of 126. She notes that she has a history of asthma and does take Salbutamol and Fluticosone when indicated. Are the patient's vital signs within normal range? Yes/No and Why.
Yes.
you palpate the chest and notice that the patient has paradoxical chest motion, this may be an indication of which medical condition?
Describe the mechanism that causes Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
A complete lack of insulin produced by the body, as a result of destruction of beta cells, cause the body to use fats as a fuel source, releasing ketones into the blood. However, as a consequence, this causes metabolic acidosis and can damage multiple systems.
What is a critical intervention, and what should be done to remedy it?
E.g. Massive bleeding, choking etc.
A popular movie in the year 2025, this actor's grandfather was the creator of the "choose your own adventure book". Which actor was this?
David Corenswet's grandfather, Superman (2025)
What is a hypertensive crisis?
When a patient's blood pressure exceeds 180 and/or diastolic exceeds 120. This is a complication, that needs attention, as hypertensive crisis, puts individuals at higher risks for acute HF, pulmonary edema, acute kidney failure, strokes and internal bleeds.
Shock is often used to describe, a condition where organs and tissue slowly decrease and eventually cease function. Describe the reason for why this occurs, as well as 4 types of shock, and their mechanisms.
Shock is described as when a patient experiences a decrease in end organ perfusion. Lack of blood flow means the cells and organs do not get enough oxygen and nutrients to function properly.
Types of Shock:
Distributive (Anaphylactic, Neurogenic and Septic), Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic, Obstructive.