Industry and Innovation
The mechanization of this industry led to reduced prices for food in the late 19th century.
What is agriculture?
A technological innovation that allowed for fast communication, ultimately improving business coordination during the mid-to-late 19th century.
What is the telegraph?
A pivotal component of the agricultural supply chain that was gouging prices and ultimately contributed to the formation of organizations like the Grange.
What are railroads?
In the late 19th century, the U.S. region to which many people were drawn to find success in mining, farming, ranching, and railroad opportunities.
What is the West?
The name of the landmark Supreme Court decision of 1896 that established the long-used precedent of "separate but equal".
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
A term used to describe the socio-economic group that grew during the Gilded Age, primarily driven by the increased demand for managers and clerical workers within corporations.
What is the Middle Class?
Completed in 1869, this major infrastructure project enabled fast coast-to-coast travel and migration.
What is the Transcontinental Railroad?
The founder of the Standard Oil company in 1870.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
The term used to describe organizations that formed to fight against perceived corporate abuses of workers with poor pay and long hours.
What are labor unions?
The name for quickly established communities in the West, usually formed due to the discovery of valuable minerals.
What are Boomtowns?
The word used to describe concentrations of particular ethnicities in neighborhoods that provided immigrants with support networks and the preservation of culture.
What are enclaves?
A title given to the late 19th century that alludes to extreme economic inequality exemplified by the wealth of industrialists and the poverty of the workers.
What is the Gilded Age?
A specific term used to describe hopes for increased industrialization and economic diversity in states such as Florida, Georgia, and Alabama.
What is the "New South"?
The kind of employee in high demand during industrialization due to increased automation and efficiencies in production.
What are unskilled laborers?
Now outlawed, this labor force grew during the Gilded Age due to industrial need for unskilled labor and families' increased need for income.
What is child labor?
The areas to which indigenous Americans were forced to live, frequently as a consequence of broken treaties and military force by the federal government.
What are Native American/Indian Reservations?
A black, American woman who was noted for writing truthfully about the horrors of lynching in the south. She actively worked to dismantle the idea of predatory black men.
Who is Ida B. Wells?
The term used to justify the wealth of industrialists by alluding to their inherent and hereditary superiority.
What is Social Darwinism?
Legislation passed at the federal level to grant land and give loans to railway companies in order to successfully develop the West.
What are the Pacific Railway Acts?
A kind of business streamlining where a single organization controls all the steps of production for a particular good.
What is vertical integration?
A predatory lending/renting system whereby white landowners would trap newly-freed black Americans in a cycle of debt and dependency.
What is sharecropping?
A ethnic/racial group of people who contributed to widespread migration from the South to the urban centers of mid-western cities.
Who are African Americans/ black Americans?
A famed Native American cultural response to attempts by the federal government to force assimilation.
What is the Ghost Dance movement?
A term used to describe income, adjusted for inflation, that actually increased during the Gilded Age due to increased industrial productivity and falling prices.
What are 'real wages'?
The name given to a steel processing innovation that allowed for the alloy to be made cheaper, faster, and of a higher quality.
What is the Bessemer process?
The term used to describe how organizations can collude to reduce competition and control prices by consolidating with one another.
What are monopolies/trusts?
One name of the two most renowned businesses that employed the use of catalog marketing to reach rural customers.
What are Sears, Roebuck & Co.?
A cooperative organization created by farmers designed to fight against perceived abuses by agribusiness and railroads.
What is the Grange?
The letter of the alphabet that is used for all radio station call-signs east of the Mississippi River, in the United States.
What is 'W'?
All five names of the Boroughs of New York City.
What are Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island?