SOMETHING IS WRONG WITH THE CELL
A cell is suddenly unable to keep the concentration of substances inside the cell different from the environment outside the cell. Materials are moving in and out without proper control.
Which structure is most likely damaged?
Cell membrane
Scientists discover a cell with DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a membrane. No nucleus is visible.
Which additional observation would provide the strongest evidence that the cell is prokaryotic?
A. It contains cytoplasm.
B. It contains ribosomes.
C. Its DNA is in a nucleoid.
D. Its membrane controls movement.
C. Its DNA is in a nucleoid.
A protein will be exported from the cell.
Which sequence best explains its movement?
A. Ribosome → rough ER → Golgi → vesicle
B. Ribosome → Golgi → rough ER → vesicle
C. Rough ER → ribosome → Golgi → vesicle
D. Golgi → ribosome → rough ER → vesicle
A. Ribosome → rough ER → Golgi → vesicle
A plant cell receives light but produces very little glucose.
Which observation would most strongly suggest a chloroplast problem?
A. ATP production continues.
B. Photosynthesis decreases.
C. Protein production continues.
D. DNA remains inside the nucleus.
B. Photosynthesis decreases.
A cell is producing a protein that will be exported.
Which structure would the protein most likely encounter after the rough ER?
A.Nucleus
B.Chloroplast
C.Lysosome
D.Golgi apparatus
D. Golgi apparatus
A cell is still alive, but it has lost most of its normal shape. The cell's internal structures are still present, but the framework that helps organize and support the cell is damaged.
What structure was most likely affected?
Cytoskeleton
A student claims that all living cells must contain a nucleus.
What evidence disproves this claim?
Prokaryotes lack nuclei.
A protein is produced but never enters the rough ER.
What process is most likely disrupted?
Protein transport
Two cells are exposed to sunlight.
Cell A: chloroplasts + mitochondria
Cell B: mitochondria only
Both cells have glucose available.
Which statement is supported?
A. Only A can photosynthesize.
B. Only B can respire.
C. Both can photosynthesize.
D. Neither can respire.
A. Only A can photosynthesize.
A cell's organelles perform different jobs but depend on one another.
What does this demonstrate about cells?
Organelles work together.
A plant cell is placed in an environment where it loses a large amount of water. The cell becomes less firm.
Which two structures are most directly related to maintaining the plant cell's support and water storage?
Cell wall and central vacuole
A scientist finds a cell with a nucleus but no chloroplasts.
Which conclusion is NOT justified from this evidence alone?
A. The cell is eukaryotic.
B. The cell contains DNA.
C. The cell has a nucleus.
D. The cell must be an animal cell.
D. The cell must be an animal cell.
DNA → ribosome → rough ER → vesicle → Golgi → outside
Which step is incorrectly ordered?
A. Ribosome before rough ER
B. Rough ER before vesicle
C. Golgi after vesicle
D. DNA before ribosome
C. Golgi after vesicle
A plant's chloroplasts are damaged, but its mitochondria remain functional.
Which prediction is most accurate?
A. Glucose production decreases.
B. ATP production completely stops.
C. Cellular respiration completely stops.
D. Protein production immediately stops.
A. Glucose production decreases.
A nucleus is damaged, but existing proteins continue functioning.
Why might protein production eventually decrease?
DNA instructions become unavailable.
A chemical destroys the membranes surrounding the Golgi apparatus. Proteins are still being made correctly by ribosomes.
Which problem would you expect next?
A. Proteins cannot be properly modified and packaged.
B. DNA can no longer be stored.
C. The cell can no longer perform photosynthesis.
D. Ribosomes can no longer produce proteins.
A. Proteins cannot be properly modified and packaged.
A cell has no nucleus but contains a small circular DNA molecule separate from its main DNA.
What is this DNA called?
Plasmid
A protein is correctly made but released from the cell incorrectly.
Which organelle's sorting function may have failed?
Golgi apparatus
A plant's cells contain a pigment that absorbs light energy.
What is the pigment called?
Chlorophyll
A cell has working chloroplasts but damaged mitochondria.
Which process is directly impaired?
Cellular respiration
A plant cell loses water and becomes less firm, even though its cell membrane remains intact.
What structure's function is most directly involved?
Central vacuole
Cell A: nucleus, ER, mitochondria, Golgi
Cell B: nucleoid, ribosomes, cell membrane
Which conclusion is best supported by the evidence?
A. A is prokaryotic; B is eukaryotic.
B. A is eukaryotic; B is prokaryotic.
C. Both cells are plant cells.
D. Both cells are animal cells.
B. A is eukaryotic; B is prokaryotic.
A protein reaches the Golgi but never reaches the cell membrane.
What structure should be investigated?
Vesicle
A plant cell's chloroplasts stop functioning.
Complete the prediction:
Less photosynthesis → less ______ production → less fuel available for ______.
Answer: glucose; cellular respiration
Scientists discover an organelle with its own DNA and other characteristics resembling ancient prokaryotic cells.
Which explanation is most consistent with this evidence?
A. It formed when part of the cell membrane became specialized.
B. It developed from structures that once existed independently inside the cell.
C. It originated through endosymbiosis.
D. It evolved from the nucleus and retained some of its genetic material.
C. It originated through endosymbiosis.