Anti-body ody ody
The anti-self antibody has a 98% sensitivity for autoimmune diseases, but isn't very specific.
Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA's).
- Positive in SLE, systemic sclerosis, polymyositis, and some infections.
This form of endocarditis presents with small, warty vegetations confined to the commissures on the outflow side of heart valves - which can lead to valve stenosis.
Rheumatic Heart Disease
The three classifications of cutaneous lupus are classified into these three categories - bases on chronicity.
Acute, sub-acute, and chronic/discoid.
SLE can be either of these two HS reactions.
Type II or Type III
Type I lupus nephritis
Minimal mesangial lupus nephritis
Labs for these nonhistone nuclear antibodies are positive in 30% of people with SLE.
Anti-Sm antibodies.
Autoantibodies against Smith antigen - which are non-histone nuclear proteins.
Non RHD infectious endocarditis
On immunofluorescence, Lupus erythematosus will show depositions of these immune factors.
Ig and C3 deposits at the dermo-epidermal junction.
The inherited lack of these early complement components impairs the removal of circulating immune complexes and apoptotic cell debris by macrophages and may contribute to SLE.
C1q, C4, C2 - early classical components
Type II Lupus Nephritis
Mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis
These antibodies have a higher specificity for SLE and are typically only tested for after a positive ANA.
Anti-dsDNA antibodies.
- Positive in 60% to 70% of SLE patients
- Levels correlate to severity of disease
This form of endocarditis presents with small, bland vegetation attached to the commissure lines - may be a single vegetation or multiple.
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
This type of cutaneous lupus is most frequently associated with active systemic SLE and is characterized by a malar rash.
Acute lupus erythematosus.
A hyper- this state may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE - it upregulates several immune system components.
A hyperestrogenic state
Type III lupus nephritis
Focal lupus nephritis
In addition to anti-dsDNA antibodies and anti-Sm antibodies, someone with SLE should be screened for these antibodies - which are associated with miscarriages, preeclampsia, and hypercoagulable states.
Anti-phospholipid antibodies.
This form of endocarditis presents with small-to-medium-sized vegetation on either side, or both sides of the valve and does not cause a stenotic valve.
Libman-Sacks endocarditis.
This type of cutaneous lupus is an uncommon variant characterized by extreme photosensitivity, popular eruptions that heal without scarring, and affects the neck, shoulders, and upper limbs but spares the scalp.
Sub-acute cutaneous Lupus erythematous.
Exposure to this may cause cell damage and induce cellular apoptosis - altering cellular DNA and enhancing TLR recognition.
UV light exposure
Type IV lupus nephritis
Diffuse lupus nephritis
Patients with this auto-immune disease will have anti-SS-A (RO) and anti-SS-B (LA) autoantibodies.
Sjogren syndrome.
Detected in 50% to 80% of patients and are highly specific.
In SLE-specific endocarditis, these are the most commonly affected valves in endocarditis.
The mitral and tricuspid valves.
This sub-type of erythematous SLE is characterized by scaly plaques that are painful to remove and heal with scarring alopecia, peripheral hyperpigmentation, and central depigmentation. It is rarely associated with active systemic disease.
Discoid Lupus erythematous.
Autoimmune destruction of the salivary glands and lacrimal glands are hallmarks of this autoimmune disease.
Sjogren Syndrome
Class V and Class VI lupus nephritis
- Membranous lupus nephritis
- Advanced sclerosing nephritis