PERCEPTION & ATTENTION
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
What is perception?
Memory of facts and general knowledge.
What is semantic memory?
When new learning disrupts recall of old information.
What is retroactive interference?
Mental shortcuts used to simplify decisions.
What are heuristics?
Ability to learn, solve problems, and adapt.
What is intelligence?
The effect allowing you to hear your name across a noisy room.
What is the cocktail party effect?
Unconscious encoding of incidental information.
What is automatic processing?
Inability to form new memories.
What is anterograde amnesia?
Judging likelihood based on how easily examples come to mind.
What is the availability heuristic?
A test designed to predict future performance.
What is an aptitude test?
Failing to see visible objects when attention is elsewhere.
What is inattentional blindness?
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli.
What is iconic memory?
Knowing a word but being unable to recall it momentarily.
What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
Fitting new information into existing schemas.
What is assimilation?
The consistency of test results over time.
What is reliability?
A mental predisposition that influences what we perceive.
What is a perceptual set?
The process of getting information out of memory.
What is retrieval?
Graph showing how retention decreases over time.
What is the forgetting curve?
Belief that past random events influence future ones.
What is the gambler's fallacy?
Theory suggesting people have multiple types of intelligence.
What is the multiple intelligence theory?
Perception starting with sensory input and building upward.
What is bottom-up processing?
Model describing sensory, short-term, and long-term memory stores.
What is the multi-store model?
When misleading information becomes part of someone’s memory.
What is the misinformation effect?
Seeing objects only in terms of their typical uses.
What is functional fixedness?
How well a test measures what it claims to measure.
What is validity?