Court Cases
The case that established judicial review
Marbury v. Madison
A brief submitted by a friend of the court explaining their potential impact
Amicus Curiae
Amendment of Miranda v. AZ
5th
Federal reserve adjusting inflation rates (discount rate)
Monetary policy
This system divides power between national and state governments.
Federalism
Selective incorporation -- 6th amendment right to counsel
Gideon v. Wainwright
To be certain / to challenge
Writ of Certiorari
Government censorship before publication
Prior restraint
Outlaws discrimination in public accommodations & employment
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Congress exceeded Commerce Clause power. Limits federal government power.
US v. Lopez
No state-sponsored prayer in public schools
Which iron triangle piece files amicus briefs?
Interest groups
Applies particular parts of the Bill of Rights to states via Due Process Clause.
Selective incorporation
Protects voting rights, especially for minorities
Voting Rights Act 1965
This amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states.
10th amendment
Incorporated the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms to the states.
McDonald v. Chicago
Original constitutional liberty to be told why you are being detained
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court
Exclusionary Rule
A national health insurance program for the elderly and disabled (LBJ)
Medicare
This clause allows Congress to pass laws needed to carry out its enumerated powers.
Necessary and Proper Clause
Protected Amish parents' rights to remove children from school for religious reasons.
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Let the decision stand (precedent!)
Stare Decisis -
Protects religious practice
Free exercise clause
Taxing and Spending determined largely by Congress
Fiscal policy
Type of federalism is often called “layer cake” because state & national powers are clearly separated.
Dual federalism