Triple D
What are the 2 causes of DDD?
Dry out and tear and crack
What ribs does the pump handle involve?
Primarily involves the upper ribs (2–6)
What is axial compression?
Force transmitted through the vertebral bodies
What is DDD?
Cushioning in spine begins to wear away
Bucket handle: When you inhale, the ribs lift _____ and _______
Outward and upward
The front of the vertebra loses more height than the back, producing a wedge-shaped deformity
Anterior wedging
Discs lose ____ and become gradually thinner
Hydration
Pump handle motion increases what dimension of the rib cage?
Anterior-posterior
What is flexion loading?
Forward bending increases compressive stress on the anterior vertebral body