Culture Vocab
This terms refers to something that stands for something else
Symbols
What are the three ways we define family?
Biologically - Blood and genetics
Legally - Marriage and adoption
Socially - Fictive kin and chosen family
According to self-categorization theory, into what categories do we divide the world?
In-groups - Those to which we belong
Out-groups - Those to which we do not belong
A system of knowledge, beliefs, values, language, symbols, patterns of behavior, material objects, and institutions that are created, learned, shared, and contested by a group of people
Culture
This country has the highest level of inequality of all wealthy industrialized nations
United States
This term refers to culturally defined rules of behavior that guide what people do or not do
Norms
This perspective understands family life as a system of meaning created through interaction (symbols, rituals, and roles)
Symbolic perspective for understanding families
According to this theory, social power is what determines who gets valued resources in groups and whether those resources are perceived as being distributed in a just manner.
Exchange theory of group processes
A call for us to suspend judgement of other people’s cultural values and practices in order to understand them in their own cultural context through the eyes of their own members
Cultural relativism
Social inequality is created and maintained by major ______ institutions
Social institutions
This term refers to beliefs about what is important or unimportant, desirable or undesirable, and right or wrong
Values
This model tells us that to understand whether an event (A) in the family system becomes a crisis (X), we also need to understand both the family’s resources (B) and family’s definitions (C) of the event.
ABC-X model of family stress and coping
This focuses on the relationship between the emotional unconscious processes and the rational processes of interpersonal interaction
Psychodynamic theory of group processes
The belief that one’s culture is normal, natural, or even superior to the culture of others
Ethnocentrism
These are consciously organized and sustained attempts by ordinary people working outside of established institutions to change an aspect of society.
They are ongoing, large-scale, collective efforts to bring about (or resist) social change.
This perspective places primary emphasis on the role of the physical environment, technology, and economy in creating, maintaining, and changing culture
Materialist perspective
This is a series of crises that may deplete the family’s resources and expose the family to increasing risk of very negative outcomes
Stress pileup
What are the two types of interactions explained in the social systems approach to communities?
Horizontal linkages - Interactions with other members of the community
Vertical linkage - Interaction with individuals and systems outside the community
These theories focus on how much control we have over our physical environment and the attempts we make to gain control. Key concepts include privacy, personal space, territoriality, crowding
Control theories
This is a tool used to demonstrate the connections between a family, their networks, and the systems they interact with.
Ecomap
This perspective sees humans creating, maintaining, and changing culture on the basis of their beliefs, values, language, and symbolic representations.
Mentalist perspective
What is the difference between extended families and modified extended families?
Extended families - Parent–child nuclear family lives along with other relatives, such as grandparents, adult siblings, aunts, uncles, or cousins.
Modified extended families - Members of the extended family network may not reside together, but they are involved with each other in ongoing emotional and economic action.
What are the two types of social capital described in the social systems approach?
Bonding social capital is inward looking and tends to mobilize solidarity and in-group loyalty
Bridging social capital is outward looking and diverse, and it links community members to assets and information across community boundaries
These theories focus on the physical environment as a source of sensory information that is essential for human well-being. This includes light, color, heat, texture or scent. It can also be buildings, streets, and parks
Stimulation theories
This is a tool used as a visual representation of a family. It shows multiple generations, family history, health patterns, etc. It's like a fancy family tree!
Genograms