Understanding the Problem
What are two key skills needed to accurately represent a problem?
Identifying the goal and understanding the given information.
This heuristic involves breaking a problem into smaller, manageable goals.
Means-ends heuristic.
What is the term for applying a known solution to a new, similar problem?
Analogical transfer
What type of motivation best supports creative thinking?
Intrinsic motivation.
Experts are more likely than novices to focus on what type of problem features?
Structural features
What’s a common mistake people make when interpreting a problem?
Focusing too much on surface features instead of the deeper structure.
This strategy involves choosing the option that gets you closest to your goal at each step.
Hill-climbing heuristic
In analogy problem-solving, what are the "source" and "target" problems?
The source problem is the one you already solved; the target problem is the new one you're trying to solve.
What is the term for a sudden realization that leads to a solution?
Insight.
What is mental set?
The tendency to keep using the same problem-solving strategy, even when a new one might work better.
What’s the term for how the way a problem is presented influences how we solve it?
Problem representation.
Name the heuristic where you temporarily move away from the goal to reach a solution.
Means-ends analysis (or backward search).
What’s one major obstacle to using analogies effectively?
Focusing too much on surface features instead of underlying structure.
Name one factor that can hinder creativity.
Pressure from external rewards, evaluation, or strict rules.
What is functional fixedness?
Struggling to see a new use for a familiar object.