Chapter 1
What is Culture?
Culture is a way of life or a way of being that is shared by a group of people.
Colony
a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.
First Nations
any of the groups of indigenous peoples of Canada officially recognized as an administrative unit by the federal government or functioning as such without official status.
Metis
a person of mixed indigenous and Euro-American ancestry, in particular one of a group of such people who in the 19th century constituted the so-called Métis nation in the areas around the Red and Saskatchewan rivers.
Assimilation
the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas.
Ethnocentric
Imperialism
a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Mercantilism
the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.
What was being a voyageur like?
they transported fur and various goods across long-distance distances on water and land. This would require days, weeks, months of travelling under harsh weather conditions, with limited food and water, and plenty of encounters with dangerous wild animals.
Opinions
a view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge.
Consensus
A way of making a decision so that everyone concerned agrees on the decision.
Coureur de bois
coureur de bois were independent entrepreneurial French Canadian traders who travelled in New France and the interior of North America, usually to trade with First Nations peoples by exchanging various European items for furs.
The king of England
In a monarchy, a king or queen is Head of State. The British Monarchy is known as a constitutional monarchy. This means that, while The Sovereign is Head of State, the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament.
Fort Chewyan
Fort Chipewyan is one of the oldest European settlements in the Province of Alberta. It was established as a trading post of the North West Company in 1788, named after the Chipewyan people living in the area.
Bias
prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
Traditional Teachings
Beliefs are passed down from generations through teachings. They help explain relationships between the plants,animals,people,land, and spirit world.
Who was Samuel De Champlain?
he was a French explorer, navigator, cartographer, draftsman, soldier, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He made between 21 and 29 trips across the Atlantic Ocean, and founded Quebec City, and New France.
English Colonists
a member of a government-backed group that settles in a new country or region. The land that's claimed by a colonist is usually already occupied by another group of people. A colonist can also be called a settler, someone who helps start a settlement in a new land.
Fort Whoop-up
Fort Whoop-Up was the nickname given to a whisky trading post, originally Fort Hamilton, near what is now Lethbridge, Alberta.
Siege
a military operation in which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside.
Pluralistic Society
A society that embraces diversity in terms of religion, social groups, values, and political powers where different groups are equally entitled to develop freely and engage in the political process.
Filles du roi
The filles du roi In 1665, there were only seventy houses in Quebec. In the early 1670s, about 1000 young women nicknamed the king's daughters arrived in New France to help populate the colony.
Who was John Cabot?
sailed from Bristol in 1497 and discovered Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island on the North American coast. His voyages to North America in 1497 and 1498 helped lay the groundwork for Britain's later claim to Canada.
The Barter System
the act of exchanging goods between two or more parties without using money.
Bilingualism
fluency in or use of two languages.