BATTLES
(1862) Union victory in Maryland during the Civil War that marked the bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. military history. The loss which battle cost the South any hope for support from a European country, dooming the South's chances of victory in the Civil War?
BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
(1854) law that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska; allowed voters there to choose whether to allow slavery
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
Civil War general; defeated Democratic nominee Horatio Seymour to win the presidency in 1868. Republicans believed that the African American vote was the reason he won the presidential election of 1868.
ULYSSES S. GRANT
Order announced by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 that freed the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union; took effect January 1, 1863
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
Union control of the Mississippi depended on taking this city. On April 29, 1862 Union warships captured this, the South's largest city and a major supply port for the Confederacy. The capture of this city allowed the Union to cut off supplies to western Confederate forces and to move troops up the Mississippi River.
NEW ORLEANS
(1863) Union victory at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, during the Civil War that turned the tide against the Confederates; more than 40,000 soldiers died or were wounded.
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
(1850) law that made it a federal crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves even in areas where slavery was illegal
FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT
Democrat; former slaveholder; became president when Lincoln was assassinated
ANDREW JOHNSON
people who wanted to put an end to slavery
ABOLITIONISTS
capital of the Confederacy
Richmond, Virginia
(1863) Union army's blockade of Vicksburg, Mississippi led the city to surrender during the Civil War
SIEGE OF VICKSBURG
laws that enforced segregation in the South. These laws were named after a minstrel song.
JIM CROW LAWS
former governor of Tennessee, a Democrat, defeated Whig Henry Clay in the 1844 presidential election; served as president of the United States from 1845 to 1849
JAMES K. POLK
(1852) written by Harriet Beecher Stowe; depicted the harshness of life on southern plantations, the dangers faced by runaway slaves, and how slavery broke up African American families; would go on to sell more books during the nineteenth century than any other book except the Bible
UNCLE TOM'S CABIN
southern sympathizer who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, while Lincoln watched Our American Cousin at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C.
JOHN WILKES BOOTH
(1861) Battle of Manassas; first major battle of the Civil War; results in a Confederate victory
FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN
Laws passed in the southern states during Reconstruction that greatly limited the freedom of former slaves.
BLACK CODES
Republican presidential nominee who defeated Democrat Samuel J. Tilden by only one electoral vote in the election of 1876, even though Tilden garnered more popular votes.
RUTHERFORD B. HAYES
(1865) Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery
THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT
On April 9, 1865, Grant and Lee met in this tiny village. Lee surrendered his army to Grant, so the Civil War essentially ended in this village.
APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE, VIRGINIA
(1862) Civil War battle On April 6, 1862, thousands of Confederate troops surprised General Grant's soldiers, beginning this battle in Tennessee. Grant counterattacked on April 7, and the Union won this bloody battle. The battle resulted in greater Union control over the Mississippi River valley.
BATTLE OF SHILOH
first U.S. civil rights law; declared everyone born in the United States a citizen with full civil rights. One of the purposes of this law was to overturn the Supreme Court's decision in 1857 that African Americans were not citizens.
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866
person chosen as president of the Confederacy in 1861
JEFFERSON DAVIS
Southern political leaders who held extreme pro-slavery views; wanted slavery protected by federal law or constitutional amendment
FIRE-EATERS
Union prisoners held at which Confederate prisoner of war camp, endured the worst conditions, with no shelter and little food. At times, prisoners at this camp died at a rate of about 100 per day?
Andersonville, Georgia