Physics: Distance and Speed
What is the formula to calculate speed?
Speed = Distance / Time
State Newton's first law of motion.
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Who proposed the theory of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What are the three components of the tri-component model of attitudes?
Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive
What is cognitive dissonance?
A psychological discomfort experienced when holding two or more conflicting cognitions.
Convert 50 km/h to m/s.
50 km/h = 13.89 m/s
What is inertia?
The resistance of any physical object to a change in its state of motion or rest.
What are the four bases of DNA?
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
What is natural selection?
The process where organisms with favourable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Define conformity.
The act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours to group norms.
How might someone reduce cognitive dissonance?
By changing their attitudes, beliefs, or behaviours to reduce the conflict.
If a car travels 150 km in 3 hours, what is its average speed?
50 km/h
How does a seatbelt help in car safety according to Newton's laws?
It provides the external force needed to decelerate the body in case of a sudden stop, reducing the risk of injury.
Define a gene.
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or function.
Give an example of a trait that might increase an organism's fitness.
Camouflage in a predator-prey environment.
Give an example of a situation where people might conform.
Dressing similarly to peers to fit in.
Define a cult.
A group typically characterised by unusual or extreme beliefs, led by a charismatic leader, and often requiring rigid adherence to its practices.
How far will a car travel in 2 hours at a speed of 60 km/h?
120 km
According to Newton's second law, what is the formula that relates force, mass, and acceleration?
F = m * a (Force = mass * acceleration)
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics.
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
How can peer pressure influence conformity?
Peer pressure can encourage individuals to conform to group behaviours and norms to gain acceptance or avoid rejection.
Give an example of cognitive dissonance in everyday life.
Feeling discomfort after purchasing an expensive item and then justifying the purchase by emphasising its benefits.
A runner completes a 400-metre lap in 50 seconds. What is their speed in m/s?
8 m/s
Explain the concept of action and reaction forces using Newton's third law.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. For example, the force exerted by a car's tyres on the road is matched by an equal and opposite force exerted by the road on the tyres.
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
DNA is composed of two strands forming a double helix. Each strand is made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine) that pair specifically (A with T and C with G) through hydrogen bonds.
Explain how natural selection can lead to evolution.
Over many generations, natural selection can lead to changes in the traits of a population, resulting in the evolution of new species.
Explain the concept of social influence.
Social influence involves the ways in which individuals change their behaviour to meet the demands of a social environment.
How do cults use social influence to maintain control over their members?
Cults often use methods such as isolation, peer pressure, and manipulation to control and influence members’ thoughts and behaviours.